Patho1 Muscles Barry
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| show | They are contractile fibers and their job is to contract.
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| show | Striated, smooth, and cardiac.
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| show | False. Skeletal muscles: They are attached to skeleton. They are histologically known as striated muscle. They are voluntary. CHOLINERGIC ONLY.
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| True or false. Skeletal muscles: they are attached to skeleton. They are histologically known as voluntary muscle. Cholinergic. | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| show | Voluntary and cardiac.
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| show | False. Smooth muscle: no striations. In the internal organs usually as the middle layer of organ. Involuntary. CHOLINERGIC OR ADRENDERGIC depending on the organ. Smooth muscle is stronger than skeletal muscle. They are regulated by ANS.
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| show | False. Smooth muscle: no striations. In the internal organs usually as the middle layer of organ. Involuntary. Cholinergic or adregenergic depending on the organ. Smooth muscle is STRONGER than skeletal muscle. They are regulated by ANS.
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| show | True.
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| show | Muscle to bone.
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| show | Muscle contains fascicles. Fascicles contain muscle fibers(cells). Muscle fibers(cells) contain myofibrils. Myofibrils contain myofilaments.
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| Describe the connective tissue wrappings in the muscle. | show 🗑
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| Define muscle: | show 🗑
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| Define fascicle: | show 🗑
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| show | Elongated multinucleate cell, has a banded (striated) appearance. Covered in endomysium.
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| show | Has 3 components. Two terminal cisterna on either side of one transverse tubule (T tubule).
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| What purpose do triads serve? | show 🗑
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| show | The endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell.
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| show | The cell membrane of a muscle cell.
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| show | False. The two types of MYOFILAMENTS are actin and myosin.
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| Actin and myosin are made of... | show 🗑
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| show | At the triad.
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| show | Actin and myosin.
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| What is the functional unit of the muscle? | show 🗑
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| What are the limits of the sarcomere? | show 🗑
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| True or false: Sarcomere is from one Z-disk to another. Attached to the Z-disk are the actin myofilament and the myosin filament. | show 🗑
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| True or false: Sarcomere is from one Z-disk to another. Attached to the Z-disk is the actin myofilament. Myosin is not attached to the Z-disk. | show 🗑
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| show | Tropomyosin and troponin.
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| show | Cardiac muscles.
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| Tropomyosin band covers certain... | show 🗑
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| What are the active sites on the actin myofilament? | show 🗑
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| True or false: Tropomyosin band covers certain points along the actin myofilament knows as active sites. These sites are where the head of the troponin binds to form the crossbridge and have a contraction. | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| show | Rod and head.
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| show | The head.
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| show | True.
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| True or false: It is impossible to attach the head of the myosin myofilament to the active site on the actin myofilament while the active sites are covered by the troponin. | show 🗑
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| show | Contractile.
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| True or false: The sarcomere is the contractile unit of the muscle. It goes from one Z-disk to another. It includes actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments. | show 🗑
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| show | Nothing but the rod of the myosin myofilament.
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| show | The end of one actin myofilament to another.
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| H-zone contains... | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| show | H-zone will go from the end of one actin myofilament to another. H-zone contains nothing but the myosin myofilament.
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| show | A-band goes from one end to the other of a myosin myofilament. A-band contains actin and myosin monofilaments.
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| True or false: A-zone goes from one end to the other of a myosin myofilament. A-zone contains actin and myosin monofilaments. | show 🗑
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| show | I-band goes from end of myosin myofiliment to the end of ANOTHER myosin myofilament in the NEXT sarcomere. I-band only contains actin myofilaments.
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| show | The Z-disk.
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| Usually tropomyosin covers... | show 🗑
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| show | Joint.
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| show | Sarcomeres.
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| True or false: In sliding filament theory, the sarcomere gets shorter in a contraction but the filaments do not change in length. | show 🗑
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| In a contraction, where do the Z-disks move? | show 🗑
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| show | Crossbridge formation.
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| What is crossbridge formation? | show 🗑
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| What happens upon crossbridge formation? | show 🗑
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| All the receptors are <blank> in the skeletal muscle post-synaptic membrane | show 🗑
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| show | The action potential is reproduced and goes down the fiber and opens the Ca++ channels which allow extrinsic (extracellular) Ca++ to get into the sarcomere, into the fiber.
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| show | It goes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and releases the intrinsic Ca++ that was already there in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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| True or false: Upon stimulation of the post-synaptic receptors with ACh, extrinsic Ca++ enters the muscle cell through the triad and then interacts with the troponin, causing a muscle contraction. | show 🗑
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| True or false: The Ca++ that is responsible for the contraction of the sarcomere is the Ca++ that is already inside. The Ca++ that comes from the outside has nothing to do with the contraction. | show 🗑
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| The only function of the extrinsic Ca++ is to... | show 🗑
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| show | Head of the troponin.
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| show | Intrinsic Ca++ binding to the head of the troponin.
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| show | The troponin moves, causing the tropomyosin to move and expose the active sites on the actin.
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| show | This allows the heads of the myosin to bind to the active sites on the actin forming a crossbridge and the myosin snaps and slides and drags the actin and forms a contraction.
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| show | False. ATP is not required for contraction.
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| show | ATP is required to release the head of the myosin from the active site on the actin.
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| True or false: If you don’t have ATP you cannot release the myosin and the sarcomere cannot relax. As long as you have Ca++ and energy you can keep contracting the muscles. | show 🗑
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| show | False. Actin and myosin myofilaments slide over each other but do not change in length.
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| show | True.
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| show | It shrinks or even disappears as the actin myofilaments meet at the middle of the sarcomere (the M-line).
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| show | They shrink.
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| show | Acetylcholinesterase, into acetic acid and choline.
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| show | Acetic acid to make more acetylcholine.
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| show | Orbicularus Oculi (around the eyes) and Orbicularus Orus (around the mouth).
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| What is an example of a convergent muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Biceps Brachii (upper arm), and Sartorius (thigh).
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| show | Rectus Femorus (thigh).
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| What is an example of a unipennate muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | A motor unit.
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| What is a motor unit? | show 🗑
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| From the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord, the axons of the motor nerves branch out to innervate a specific group of muscle fibers. Each motor neuron innervates a specific group of muscle fibers. | show 🗑
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| show | False. Fine movements require fewer FIBERS per motor unit.
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| True or false: Fine movements require fewer fibers per motor unit. The more discriminating and fine the movement, the fewer fibers per motor unit. Gross movements can have more fibers per motor unit. | show 🗑
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| Which movements have more fibers per motor unit: fine or gross? | show 🗑
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| True or false: The motor unit behaves as a single entity and contracts as a whole when it receives an electrical impulse. | show 🗑
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| The number of motor units per individual muscle varies greatly. In the calf, for example, one motor axon will innervate approximately <blank> muscle fibers, out of a total of 1,200,000 muscle fibers. | show 🗑
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| About how many muscle fibers are in the calf? | show 🗑
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| show | Origin and insertion.
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| show | A circular muscle that regulates opening and closing of a body cavity.
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| show | Isometric and isotonic.
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| show | Isometric contraction(static or holding contraction) maintains a constant length while the tension is increased.
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| show | Isometric contraction.
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| show | Isotonic contraction, the muscle maintains a constant tension as it moves.
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| show | False. In isotonic contraction, the muscle can increase OR decrease in length.
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| show | Isotonic.
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| show | Isotonic contractions can be eccentric (lengthening) or concentric (shortening).
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| show | False. Isotonic contractions can be eccentric (LENGTHENING) or concentric (SHORTENING).
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| show | Concentric, energy.
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| When is positive work accomplished? | show 🗑
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| When is energy released to exert force or lift a weight? | show 🗑
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| What happens during eccentric contraction? | show 🗑
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| What does the muscle do with energy during eccentric contraction? | show 🗑
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| True or false: during isometric eccentric contraction, the muscle lengthens and absorbs energy. | show 🗑
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