AP Human Geography Unit 4 Vocab Ch 9-11
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| administer | to manage the way borders are maintained and how goods and people cross them
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| antecedent boundary | a border estblished before an area becomes heavily settled
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| autonomoous boundary | having authority to govern territories independently of the national government; for example by having a seperate currency
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| choke point | a narrow, strategic passageway to another place through which its difficult to pass through
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| colonialism | the practice of claiming and dominating overseas territories
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| concurrent | sharing authority
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| consequent boundary | a type of subsequent boundary that takes into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape, seperating groups that hace distinct languages religions, ethnicities, or other traits
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| define | to explicitly state in legally binding documentation such as treaty where boundaries are located, using refrence points such as natural features or lines of latitude and longitude
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| delimit | to draw boundaries on a map, in accordance with legal agreement
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| demarcate | to place physicalobjects such as stones, pillars, walls, or fences to indicate where a boundary exists
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| devolution | the process that occurs when the central power in a state is broken up among regional authorites within borders
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| economies of scale | cost reduction that occurs when production rises
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| electoral college | a set of people, who are chosen to elect the president and vice president in the United States of America
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| ethnic cleansing | a processby which a state attacks an ethnic group and tries to eliminate it through expulsion, imprisonment, or killing
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| ethnic nationalism | the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common identity as having one common ethnicity, religous belief, and language, creating a sense of pride and idenity that is tied to the territory. AKA: ethnonationalism
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| ethnic seperation | the process by which people of a particular ethnicity in a multinational state identify more strongly as members of their ethnic group than citizens of the state
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| ethnonationalism | the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common identity as having one common ethnicity, religous belief, and language, creating a sense of pride and idenity that is tied to the territory. AKA: ethnic nationalism
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| exclusive economic zone (EEZ) | area that extends 200 nautical miles from a state coast; a state has sole access to resources found within the waters or beneath the sea floor of its EEZ
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| federal state | the organization of a state in which power is shared between the federal government and its internal regional units
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| geometric boundary | a mathematically drawn boundary that tipically follows lines of latitude and longitude or straight line arc between two points
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| gerry mandering | the drawing of legislative boundaries to give one political party an advantage in elections
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| imperialism | the push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control other nations or peoples
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| irredentism | attempts by a state to aquire territories in the neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation.
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| majority-minority district | an electoral district in which the majority of voters are members of ethnic or racial minority
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| multinational state | a country with various ethnicities and cultures living inside its borders
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| multistate nation | people who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more than one country
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| nation | a cultural entity made up of people who have forged common identity through a shared laguage, religion, heritage, or ethnicity; often all four
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| nation-state | a politically organized and recognized territory composed of a group of people who consider themselves to be a nation
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| neocolonialism | the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependancies
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| political geography | the study of the ways in which the world is organized as a reflection of the power different groups hold over territory
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| reapportionment | the redistribution of representative seats among states based on shifts in population
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| redistricting | the redrawing of internal territorial and political boundaries
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| relic | a former boundary that no longer has an official function
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| self-determination | the right of all people to choose their own political status
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| semi-autonomus | describing a region that is given partial authority to govern its territories independently from the national government
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| shatterbelt | a region where states form, join, and break up because of an ongoing, sometimes violent, conflict among parties and because they are caught between interests of more powerful outside states
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| sovereighty | the right of a governemt to control and defend its territoy and determine what happens within its borders
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| state | a politically organized independent territory with a government, defined borders, and a pernment population; a country
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| stateless nation | people united by culture, language, hisotry, and tradition but not possesing a state
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| subsequent boundaries | a border drawn in an area that has been settled and where cultural landscapesexist or are in process of being established
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| superimposed boundary | a boder drawn over existig accepted borders by an outside or conquering force
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| supernational organization | an alliance of three or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals or to addresss an issue or challenge
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| territory | the attepmt to influence or control people and events by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area, the connection of people their culture, and their economic systems to the land
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| unitary state | an organization of a state in which power is concentrated on central government
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| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | the international agreement that established the structure of maritime boundaries.
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