Chapter 11 Vocab Key Terms
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| ACT | Activated Clotting Time -
Determines how long it takes blood to clot
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| aerobic | With air
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| agglutination | Clumping together, as in the antigen-antibody reaction between RBCs of two different blood types
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| anaerobic | Without air
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| antimicrobial | An antibiotic used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
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| ARD/FAN | Antimicrobial Removal Device/Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization -
Antibiotics are removed by these devices
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| autologous donation | Blood that is donated for one's own use
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| BAC | Blood Alcohol Content -
Determines the concentration of alcohol in the blood
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| bacteremia | Bacteria in the blood
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| BNP | B-type Natriuretic Peptide -
Measurement for congestive heart failure
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| chain of custody | Special strict protocol for forensic specimens that requires detailed documentation tracking the specimen from the time it is collected until the results are reported
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| Cl- | Chloride -
Electrolyte responsible for maintaining cellular integrity by influencing osmotic pressure & acid-base & water balance. Needed to produce stomach acid
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| compatibility | Suitability to be mixed with favorable results, as in blood transfusions
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| CRP | C-reactive Protein -
Nonspecific marker for inflammation
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| electrolytes | Minerals with an electric charge that are important to heart, nerve, & muscle function. Ex: sodium, potassium, chloride
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| ETOH | Ethanol -
or blood alcohol
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| forensic | Involving the use of scientific methods in crime investigation
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| FUO | Fever of Unknown Origin
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| glycohemoglobin/HbA1c | Glucose that is chemically bound to hemoglobin A, the primary form of hemoglobin in adults. Used as an indication of glucose control over time. Also called hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) & glycated hemoglobin
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test -
A test used to diagnose carbohydrate metabolism problems
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| Hb/Hgb | Hemoglobin -
Important test in the management of anemia
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| HCO3- | An ion that plays a role in transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood to the lungs & in regulating blood pH. HCO3- is formed in the red blood cells & plasma from CO2
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| Hct/PCV | Hematocrit/Packed Cell Volume -
Test that measures the volume of RBCs in a persons blood
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| HDL | High-density Lipoprotein -
Commonly called good or healthy cholesterol because it is believed to carry LDL (bas cholesterol) away from the arteries
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| hemochromatosis | A disease characterized by excess iron deposits in the tissues. Also called iron overload
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| hyperglycemia | A condition in which the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is high, as in diabetes mellitus
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| hyperkalemia | A high concentration of potassium in the blood
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| hypernatremia | A high level of sodium in the blood
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| hypoglycemia | Condition in which the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is low
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| hypokalemia | A low concentration of potassium in the blood
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| hyponatremia | A low level of sodium in the blood
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| hypoxemia | A low level of oxygen in the blood
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| iCa2+ | Ionized Calcium -
Ionized form of calcium
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| INR | International Normalized Ratio -
Standardizes differences in PT results found between reagents in various manufacturers, labs, & countries
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| K+ | Potassium -
A mineral
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| lactose intolerance test | A test used to determine if a patient lacks the mucosal enzyme (lactase) that is necessary to convert lactose, milk sugar, into glucose & galactose
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| LDL | Low-density Lipoprotein -
Commonly called "bad" or unhealthy cholesterol because it contributes to atherosclerosis
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| lipids | Fats & fat-like substances the body used for energy
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| lookback | Program that requires all components of a unit of blood to be traceable back to the donor & that also requires notification to all blood recipients when a donor for a blood product they have received has turned positive for a transmissible disease
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| lysis | Rupturing, as in the bursting of RBCs
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| Na+ | Sodium -
Chemical symbol for sodium
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| paternity test | Test to determine if a man is the biological father of a specific individual
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| peak level | Drug level collected when the highest serum concentration of the drug is anticipated
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| POCT | Point-of-care testing -
Testing performed where the patient is located
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| polycythemia | A disorder involving overproduction of red blood cells
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| PP | Postprandial -
After a meal
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| PT | Prothrombin Time -
Test used to monitor warfarin therapy
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| sepsis | Life-threatening body response to a blood infection (inflammation, tissue damage, organ failure, & death)
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| septicemia | Microorganisms of their toxins in the blood
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| T-spot | A type of TB blood test called an interferon-gamma release array (IGRA) that detects TB infection by measuring individuals immune response to TB antigens. Collected in a single green-top tube
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| TB-gold | A type of TB blood test called an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) that detects TB infection by measuring an individuals immune response to TB antigens. Collected in four special tubes
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| TcB | Transcutaneous Bilirubin -
Noninvasive way to measure bilirubin in newborns
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| TDM | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring -
Involves collection of drug levels at specific times
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| therapeutic | Pertaining to treatment
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| TnT/TnI | Troponin T/Troponin I -
Heart muscle proteins elevated after a heart attack.
Proteins specific to heart muscle used in diagnosing a heart attack (AMI) & also to monitor the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy
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| toxicology | The scientific study of toxins (poisons)
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| trace elements | Metals measured in small amounts that traces of them in the glass, plastic, or stopper material of evacuated tubes may leach into the specimen, causing falsely elevated test values. Ex: aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper
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| trough level | Drug level collected when the lowest serum concentration of the drug is expected, usually immediately prior to administration of the next schedules dose
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