Miller Motte Technical College Chapter 13, Urinary System
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| albumin/o | protein
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| bacteri/o | bacteria
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| cyst/o, vesic/o | bladder or sac
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| dips/o | thirst
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus (small ball)
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| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | glucose (sugar)
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| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies
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| lith/o | stone
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| meat/o | meatus (opening)
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| nephr/o, ren/o | kidney
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis (basin)
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| py/o | pus
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| ur/o, urin/o | urine
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| kidneys | two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine
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| nephron | microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine
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| urinary bladder | sac that holds the urine
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| urethra | single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body
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| urethral meatus | opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
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| urine | fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products
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| urea | waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
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| creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
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| anuria | absence of urine formation
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control
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| nocturnal enuresis | bed
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| glucosuria,glycosuria | glucose (sugar) in the urine
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| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine
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| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine or feces
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| stress urinary incontinence (SUI) | involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, and/or strained exercise
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| nocturia | urination at night
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| oliguria | scanty production of urine
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| polyuria | condition of excessive urination
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| pyuria | presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
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| urinary retention | retention of urine resulting from an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction
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| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney
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| nephrolithiasis | presence of a renal stone or stones
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| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| urinary tract infection (UTI) | invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise
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| cystoscopy | examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
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| intravenous pyelogram (IVP) | x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.
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| kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB) | abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
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| urinalysis (UA) | physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
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| specific gravity (SpGr) | measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
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| pH | measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine
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| glucose | chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; most often used to screen for diabetes
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| albumin (alb) | chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
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| protein,ketones | chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state
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| urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) | isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive
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| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea
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| creatinine, serum | est to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function
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| nephrotomy | incision into the kidney
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| nephrolithotomy | incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
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| nephrectomy | excision of a kidney
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| stent placement | use of a device (stent) to hold open vessels or tubes (e.g., an obstructed ureter)
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| kidney dialysis | methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure
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| hemodialysis | method of removing impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)
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| peritoneal dialysis | method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles
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| urinary catheterization | methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine
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| straight catheter | a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure
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| Foley catheter | indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period
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| suprapubic catheter | indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long
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| diuretic | drug that increases the secretion of urine
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