Skeletal System
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| how many bones does an adult have? | 206
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| how many bones does an infant have? | 350
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| what does the axial skeleton contain? | skull,spinal column,ribs,breastbone
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| what does the appendicular skeleton contain? | plvic area, shoulders, upper and lower extremeties
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| long bones | extremities
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| long shaft | diaphysis
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| ends of bone | epiphysis
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| where is the red marrow found? | in humerous and femur ends
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| where is the medullary canal? | inside the diaphysis
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| what is the medullary canal filled with? | yellow marrow
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| what is the endosteum? | it lines the medullary canal
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| where is red marrow found? | vertebrae and ribs
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| what is the function of red marrow? | produces red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells
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| where is the periosteum? | outside of bone
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| what is the periosteum necessary for? | bone growth, repair, and nutrition
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| what does the periosteum contain? | blood vessels, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, articular cartilage
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| what are osteoblasts? | cells that form new bone tissue
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| what are osteoclasts? | break down bones
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| what are the bones of the skull? | cranial, and facial
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| how many bones are in the skull? | 8
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| what are the eight skull bones? | frontal, 2 pariental, 2 temporal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid
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| how many facial bones are there? | 14
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| what are the facial bones? | mandible, maxilla, zygomatic
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| what is a suture? | areas where cranial bones have joined together.
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| what are the sinuses? | air spaces in bones of skull, resonating chambers for voice.
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| what is the foramina? | openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone
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| what are the fontanels? | soft spots
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| what age do bones become solid? | eighteen months old
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| how many vertebrae are there? | 26
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| what are the specific vertebrae and their locations? | 7 cervical (neck)12 thoracic (chest)5 lumbar (waist)1 sacrum ( back of pelvic girdle)1 coccyx (tailbone)
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| what are the intervertebral disks? | seperate vertebrae, shock absorbers, oermit bending and twisting
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| what are the ribs also known as? | costae
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| where do the ribs attach? | thoracic vertebrae on dorsal aspect of body
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| what are the true ribs? | first 7 pairs; attach directly to sternum
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| what are the false ribs? | the last 5 pairs
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| what are the last two ribs? | floating ribs
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| what does the sternum or breastbone contain? | manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid
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| what is the shoulder or pectoral girdle made up of? | 2 clavicles, 2 scapulas, humerus
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| what are the bones of the arm? | humerus, radius, ulna, olecranon process
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| what are the bones of the hand? | carpal (8)- wristmetacarpal (5) - palm of handphalanges (14) - fingers
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| what are the bones of the pelvic girdle? | 2 os coxae (hip bones)
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| 3 fused bones of the pelvic girdle? | ilium, ishium, pubis
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| what is the acetabula? | 2 recessed socket (hip)
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| what is the obturator foramen? | opening for nerves and blood vessels
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| the bones of the leg? | femurpatellatibiafibula
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| what are the bones of the feet? | tarsalscalcaneousmetatarsalsphalanges
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| diarthrosis | freely movable joint ball socket joints
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| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable, attatchment of ribs to thoracic vertebrae
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| synarthrosis | immovable suture joints of cranium.
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