Skeletal System Terms
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| How many adult bones are in the skeletal system? | 206
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| The axial skeleton consists of what? | Skull, Spinal column, Ribs, Sternum, and Hyoid Bone
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| The appendicular skeleton consists of what? | Extremities, pelvic and shoulder girdles
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| How many bones are in the upper extremities? | 64
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| How many bones are in the lower extremities? | 62
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| What are functions of the skeletal system? | Framework for muscles, fat, and skinProtect internal structuresProduction of blood cellsStorage of calcium, phosphorous, and fatLevers
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| What are bones of extremities? | Long Bones
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| What is the long shaft of a bone called? | Diaphysis
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| What are the ends of the bones called? | Epiphysis
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| Where is red marrow found? | In proximal ends of humerus and femur
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| This is iniside the diaphysis and filled with yellow marrow | Medullary Canal
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| This lines the medullary canal, keeps yellow marrow intact, and produces some bone growth. | Endosteum
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| This is found in vertebrae, ribs, proximal ends of humerus and femur and produces RBCs, WBCs, and platelets | Red Marrow
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| This is outside of bone, and it is tough membrane that is necessary for bone growth and repair and nutrition. | Periosteum
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| Cells that form new bone tissue | Osteoblasts
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| Cells that break down bone | Osteoclasts
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| The skull is composed of what type of bones? | Cranial and Facial
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| What are the 8 bones of the cranium | Frontal, Temporal, Ethmoid, Parietal, Occipital, and Sphemoid
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| What are the 14 facial bones? | Mandible, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Lacrimal, Nasal and Palatine
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| What is an area where cranial bones have joined together? | Suture
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| What are airspaces in the skull that act as resonating chambers? | Sinuses
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| What are openining that allow nerves and bld vessels to enter/ leave bones | Foramina
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| What turns into solid bone around 18 months of age? | Fontanels
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| How many bones are in the Spinal Column | 26
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| What are the 2 functions of Vertebrae | To protect the spinal cord, and support head and trunk
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| How many cervical vertebrae are there and where are they located? | 7 in the neck
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| How many thoracic vertebrae are there and where are they located? | 12- chest, attach to ribs
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| How many Lumbar vertebrae are there and where are they located? | 5- waist, including the sacrum and coccyx
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| What are pads of cartilage that separate the vertebrae and absorb shock and permit bending and twisting | Intervertebral Disks
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| How many ribs are there? | 12
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| True ribs are the first __ pairs | 7
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| False ribs are the last __ pairs | 5
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| The sternum includes | Manubrium, Gladiolus, and Xiphoid Process
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| The pectoral girdle, or shoulder is made up of which bones? | 2 Clavicles, 2 Scapulas, and Proximal end of humerus
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| This is the upper arm | Humerus
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| Lower arm on thumb side | Radius
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| Lower arm | Ulna
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| This forms the elbow | Olecranon process
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| How many carpals are there and where are they located | 8- in the wrist
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| How many metacarpals are there and where are they located? | 5- palm of the hand
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| How many phalanges are there and where are they located? | 14- Fingers
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| 3 fused sections of the Pelvic Girdle | Ilium, Ischium, and pubis
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| What is the opening for nerves/ bld vessels in the pelvic bone? | Obturator foramen
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| Thigh bone? | Femur
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| Knee cap? | Patella
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| Lower leg (medial aspect) | tibia
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| Lower leg (lateral aspect) | Fibula
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| How many bones are in the tarsals and where are they located? | 7- ankle
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| What is the calcaneus | (Heel) Largest tarsal
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| How many metatarsals are there and where are they located? | 5- instep of foot
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| How many phalanges are in the foot and where are they located? | 14- toes
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| What is a freely moveable joint called? | Synovial
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| What is a slightly moveable joint called? | Amphiarthrosis
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| What is an immovable joint called? | Synarthrosis
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| Inflammation of the Joints | Arthritis
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| Inflammation of the bursae | bursitis
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| Bone forcibly displaced from a joint? | Dislocation
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| Twisting action that tears ligaments at a joint | Sprain
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| Bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism | osteomyleitis
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| Increased softening of the bones | Osteoporosis
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| When invertebral disk ruptures or protrudes | Ruptured Disk
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