Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Flash cards/Games
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| Bulky frothy stools can be seen in which disease? | Celiac sprue
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| Ribbon-like or narrow stools is caused by? | partial obstruction (eg colon cancer
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| Clay or tan colored stools is often seen in? | bile duct obstruction/Pancreatic insufficiency
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| Bismuth found in pepto bismol tends to give stool a ________ color | Black
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| False positive occult blood test can be caused by? | Red meat, excessive vitamin C
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| Normal color of CSF is? | Clear, colorless
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| WBC know to attack parasites and also involved in allergic reaction | Eosinophils
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| CBC includes? | RBC count, Hgb, WBC count, PLT count, Diff, Hct
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| Define Hct | The percentage of RBCs in whole blood
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| A protein in the RBC that carries oxygen is known as? | Hemoglobin (HgB)
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| Adding IV fluids to a patient will increase or decrease the Hct | decreasea dehydrated patient will have Increased or decreased hct?
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| A disease where there is wearing out of the joints is known as? | Osteoarthritis
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| Risk factors for osteoarthritis are? | Obesity, Aging, Injury, Repetative motion
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| An arthritis that is autoimmune in nature is known as? | Rheumatoid arthritis
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| Metabolic disorder characterized by uric acid accumulation in the joints | Gout
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| How many cervical vertabrae are there? | 7
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| exaggerated hump back in the thoracic spine is known as? | Kyphosis
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| Exaggerated swayback in the lumber vertabrae is known as? | Lordosis
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| abnormal sideways curve of the spine is known as? | scoliosis
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| An incomplete facture is known as? | greenstick
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| A fracture that remains under the skin (no breakage) is known as? | Simple or closed fracture
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| A spongy bone containing a lot of fatty tissue is known as? | Yellow marrow
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| The joint most commonly affected in gout is the? | Big toe
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| The outer covering of the bones is known as? | Periosteum
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| The periosteum contains? | Blood vessels, nerves, lymph vesselsName the different components of the osteon
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| a mature bone cell is called? | Osteocyte
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| tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone are callled? | Ligaments
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| cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone are called? | Tendons
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| Which Herpes type most often affect the oral region? | Herpes simplex type I
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| Which herpes type most often affects the genitals? | Herpes Simplex type II
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| A disease caused by the reactivation of chicken pox is known as? | Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
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| WBC that respond to severe or chronic infection | Monocytes
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| Overstreching or tear in a tendon or muscle is known as? | Strain
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| 11 of 18 tender points on physical exam is characteristic of? | Fibromyalgia
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| The only muscle with intercalated disks is the? | Cardiac muscle
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| Smooth muscle is found around the.....? | Blood vessels, Respiratory tract, GI tract
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| A disorder where muscles are replaced by a fibrous fatty tissue is known as? | Muscular Dystrophy
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| What are the 3 main layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, subcutaneous (hypodermis
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| Bull's eye rash is characteristic of which pathology(disease)? | Lyme
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| The virus that causes warts (verruca) is known as? | Human papilloma virus
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| Which layer of the skin lacks blood supply? | Epidermis
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| Cellulitis is usually caused by? | Staph
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| Local itchiness and vesicles caused by a tiny mite that forms burrows or tunnels in the skin causes a disease known as? | Scabies
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| Chicken pox virus is known as? | Varicella
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| Blushing is caused by? | Vasodilation
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| The sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles are located in: | Dermis
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| The thickest layer of the skin is the: | Dermis
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| Alopecia is defined as? | Hair loss
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| Nerve endings are located in which layer of the skin | Dermis
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| What type of gland is associated with each hair follicle? | sebaceous gland
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| Another name for muscle cell is? | Muscle fiber
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| What muscle types are striated? | Skeletal and Cardiac
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| Risk factors for Tendinitis/Tendinosis include? | Age, Gender, Skeletal anatomy, Occupation
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| Common inflammatory injury of lower leg extensor muscles and surrounding tissues related to running is known as? | Shin splits
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| A chronic pain syndrome associated with depression and Anxiety: | Fibromyalgia
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| The chief muscle causing movement is known as? | Primary mover or agonist
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| The muscles causing movement in opposite direction of agonist is known as? | Antagonist
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| Dome shaped muscle that separates abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity is known as? | Diaphragm
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| Each muscle fiber is composed of several smaller fibers called? | myofibrils
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| functional contractile units of each fiber is called? | Sarcomere
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| Lock Jaw is caused by a bacteria called? | Clostridium tetani
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| Tetanus may be prevented by a booster shot usually given how frequent? | Every 10 years
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| Enlarging diameter of blood vessel is called? | Vasodilation
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| Decreasing diameter of blood vessels is called? | Vasoconstriction
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| donut shaped smooth muscles act as doorways to let material in and out are called? | sphincters
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| Glycogen is stored in muscles and when needed it can be converted to: | Glucose
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| Examples of NSAIDs include: | Ibuprofen/Naproxen
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| both ends of long bones are called? | Epiphysis
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| region running between two epiphyses (Shaft of long bones) are known as? | Diaphysis
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| bending a joint and decreasing angle between involved bones is known as? | Flexion
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| straightening a joint is a movement called? | Extension
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| Moving away from body’s midline is known as? | Abduction
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| when the soft central portion of intervertebral disk is forced through outer covering of diskcompressing on nearby nerves describes? | Herniated Disk
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| Treatment of osteoarthritis includes: | rest, analgesics, anti-inflammatory medications, steroid injections, joint replacement
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| infection of a joint is known as? | Septic arthritis
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| inflammation of a bursa is known as? | Bursitis
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| Diagnostic test for osteoporosis include? | X-ray, bone densitometry
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| Liquid portion of blood is known as? | Plasma
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| Thrombocytes are also known as? | PLT
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| Polycythemia is defined as? | higher than normal amounts of RBCs
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| Normal range of RBC is: | 4 - 6 million
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| Normal number of WBCs is: | 4,000 - 11,000
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| the normal range of platelets is: | 150,000 - 500,000
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| Anemia or decreased number of RBCs can be caused by: | blood loss, dietary insufficiency (iron, folic acid, certain vitamins)
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| Increased Hgb may be caused by: | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high altitude
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| Increased WBCs may be caused by: | infection, malignancy/leukemia
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| WBC type that fights viral infections? | Lymphocytes
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| a coagulation test that uses the intrinsic pathway is known as? | PTT
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| Measurement of kidney’s ability to eliminate urea (waste product) from blood is known as? | BUN
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| Increased BUN suggests: | Renal impairment, diabetes
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| S/S of decreased potassium include: | muscle weakness
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| Increased sodium may be caused by: | dehydration
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| Orange urine may be caused by: | concentrated urine, decreased fluid intake, drugs
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| Red urine is caused by: | blood/hemoglobin
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| WBC that releases histamine? | Basophils
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| Cartilage tissue found at the epiphysis of long bones that causes longitudinal growth (increases height) | Growth plates
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| The process of bone formation in know as? | ossification
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| decreasing bone density (more holes in spongy bone) is called? | osteoporosis
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| Bone cells that cause bone growth are known as? | Osteoblasts
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| Bone cells that tear down bone are known as? | Osteoclast
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| An increase in which electrolyte is know to causes constipation, renal stones, bone pain, and mental status changes? | Calcium
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| Turbidity in urine may indicate? | Pus, bacteria in the urine
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| Examples of conditions where the ketones are elevated? | Anorexia, starvation/fasting, diabetes
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| The motor system of the brain carries orders to: | all a three types of muscles (cardiac, heart, smooth) and glands
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| Autonomic system controls: | smooth muscle, cardiac, (involuntary)
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| Somatic nervous system controls: | skeletal muscles, and voluntary function
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| autonomic NS is divided into: | parasympathetic and sympathetic
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| Parasympathetic deals with: | resting, digesting (normal body fumctioning)
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| sympathetic is the bodys___________ | fight or flight response, (bodys alert system)
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| Neuroglia are defined as: | specialized nervous tissue cells that allow the NS functions (support NS)
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| Astrocytes are: | metabolic and structural support cells that hold the neurons and blood vessels close together.
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| microglia are: | cells that attack microbes and remove debris
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| Oligodendrocytes make a: | lipid insulation called myelin.
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| Neurons (nerve cells) are defined as: | nerve cells that control functions of the nervous system.
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| Parts of a neuron include: | dendrites, axon terminal, body, myelin
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| This part of the neuron recieves information. | dendrites
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| This part of the neuron carries info away | axon
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| synapse is the : | space between the axon terminal and receiving cell
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| An excitable cell carries___________ | a small electrical charge when stimulated
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| Schwann cells form myelin in the: | PNS (peripheral nervous system)
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| the node of ranvier is the: | tiny bare spots between adjacent glial cells.
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| tiny sacs in the terminal of the axon that release chemicals are called: | vesicles
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| Neurotransmitters are used to: | send the signal from the neuron across the synapse to the next cell in line.
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