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Anatomy Final Review
Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Flash cards/Games
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bulky frothy stools can be seen in which disease? | Celiac sprue |
| Ribbon-like or narrow stools is caused by? | partial obstruction (eg colon cancer |
| Clay or tan colored stools is often seen in? | bile duct obstruction/Pancreatic insufficiency |
| Bismuth found in pepto bismol tends to give stool a ________ color | Black |
| False positive occult blood test can be caused by? | Red meat, excessive vitamin C |
| Normal color of CSF is? | Clear, colorless |
| WBC know to attack parasites and also involved in allergic reaction | Eosinophils |
| CBC includes? | RBC count, Hgb, WBC count, PLT count, Diff, Hct |
| Define Hct | The percentage of RBCs in whole blood |
| A protein in the RBC that carries oxygen is known as? | Hemoglobin (HgB) |
| Adding IV fluids to a patient will increase or decrease the Hct | decreasea dehydrated patient will have Increased or decreased hct? |
| A disease where there is wearing out of the joints is known as? | Osteoarthritis |
| Risk factors for osteoarthritis are? | Obesity, Aging, Injury, Repetative motion |
| An arthritis that is autoimmune in nature is known as? | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Metabolic disorder characterized by uric acid accumulation in the joints | Gout |
| How many cervical vertabrae are there? | 7 |
| exaggerated hump back in the thoracic spine is known as? | Kyphosis |
| Exaggerated swayback in the lumber vertabrae is known as? | Lordosis |
| abnormal sideways curve of the spine is known as? | scoliosis |
| An incomplete facture is known as? | greenstick |
| A fracture that remains under the skin (no breakage) is known as? | Simple or closed fracture |
| A spongy bone containing a lot of fatty tissue is known as? | Yellow marrow |
| The joint most commonly affected in gout is the? | Big toe |
| The outer covering of the bones is known as? | Periosteum |
| The periosteum contains? | Blood vessels, nerves, lymph vesselsName the different components of the osteon |
| a mature bone cell is called? | Osteocyte |
| tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone are callled? | Ligaments |
| cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone are called? | Tendons |
| Which Herpes type most often affect the oral region? | Herpes simplex type I |
| Which herpes type most often affects the genitals? | Herpes Simplex type II |
| A disease caused by the reactivation of chicken pox is known as? | Shingles (Herpes Zoster) |
| WBC that respond to severe or chronic infection | Monocytes |
| Overstreching or tear in a tendon or muscle is known as? | Strain |
| 11 of 18 tender points on physical exam is characteristic of? | Fibromyalgia |
| The only muscle with intercalated disks is the? | Cardiac muscle |
| Smooth muscle is found around the.....? | Blood vessels, Respiratory tract, GI tract |
| A disorder where muscles are replaced by a fibrous fatty tissue is known as? | Muscular Dystrophy |
| What are the 3 main layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, subcutaneous (hypodermis |
| Bull's eye rash is characteristic of which pathology(disease)? | Lyme |
| The virus that causes warts (verruca) is known as? | Human papilloma virus |
| Which layer of the skin lacks blood supply? | Epidermis |
| Cellulitis is usually caused by? | Staph |
| Local itchiness and vesicles caused by a tiny mite that forms burrows or tunnels in the skin causes a disease known as? | Scabies |
| Chicken pox virus is known as? | Varicella |
| Blushing is caused by? | Vasodilation |
| The sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles are located in: | Dermis |
| The thickest layer of the skin is the: | Dermis |
| Alopecia is defined as? | Hair loss |
| Nerve endings are located in which layer of the skin | Dermis |
| What type of gland is associated with each hair follicle? | sebaceous gland |
| Another name for muscle cell is? | Muscle fiber |
| What muscle types are striated? | Skeletal and Cardiac |
| Risk factors for Tendinitis/Tendinosis include? | Age, Gender, Skeletal anatomy, Occupation |
| Common inflammatory injury of lower leg extensor muscles and surrounding tissues related to running is known as? | Shin splits |
| A chronic pain syndrome associated with depression and Anxiety: | Fibromyalgia |
| The chief muscle causing movement is known as? | Primary mover or agonist |
| The muscles causing movement in opposite direction of agonist is known as? | Antagonist |
| Dome shaped muscle that separates abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity is known as? | Diaphragm |
| Each muscle fiber is composed of several smaller fibers called? | myofibrils |
| functional contractile units of each fiber is called? | Sarcomere |
| Lock Jaw is caused by a bacteria called? | Clostridium tetani |
| Tetanus may be prevented by a booster shot usually given how frequent? | Every 10 years |
| Enlarging diameter of blood vessel is called? | Vasodilation |
| Decreasing diameter of blood vessels is called? | Vasoconstriction |
| donut shaped smooth muscles act as doorways to let material in and out are called? | sphincters |
| Glycogen is stored in muscles and when needed it can be converted to: | Glucose |
| Examples of NSAIDs include: | Ibuprofen/Naproxen |
| both ends of long bones are called? | Epiphysis |
| region running between two epiphyses (Shaft of long bones) are known as? | Diaphysis |
| bending a joint and decreasing angle between involved bones is known as? | Flexion |
| straightening a joint is a movement called? | Extension |
| Moving away from body’s midline is known as? | Abduction |
| when the soft central portion of intervertebral disk is forced through outer covering of diskcompressing on nearby nerves describes? | Herniated Disk |
| Treatment of osteoarthritis includes: | rest, analgesics, anti-inflammatory medications, steroid injections, joint replacement |
| infection of a joint is known as? | Septic arthritis |
| inflammation of a bursa is known as? | Bursitis |
| Diagnostic test for osteoporosis include? | X-ray, bone densitometry |
| Liquid portion of blood is known as? | Plasma |
| Thrombocytes are also known as? | PLT |
| Polycythemia is defined as? | higher than normal amounts of RBCs |
| Normal range of RBC is: | 4 - 6 million |
| Normal number of WBCs is: | 4,000 - 11,000 |
| the normal range of platelets is: | 150,000 - 500,000 |
| Anemia or decreased number of RBCs can be caused by: | blood loss, dietary insufficiency (iron, folic acid, certain vitamins) |
| Increased Hgb may be caused by: | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high altitude |
| Increased WBCs may be caused by: | infection, malignancy/leukemia |
| WBC type that fights viral infections? | Lymphocytes |
| a coagulation test that uses the intrinsic pathway is known as? | PTT |
| Measurement of kidney’s ability to eliminate urea (waste product) from blood is known as? | BUN |
| Increased BUN suggests: | Renal impairment, diabetes |
| S/S of decreased potassium include: | muscle weakness |
| Increased sodium may be caused by: | dehydration |
| Orange urine may be caused by: | concentrated urine, decreased fluid intake, drugs |
| Red urine is caused by: | blood/hemoglobin |
| WBC that releases histamine? | Basophils |
| Cartilage tissue found at the epiphysis of long bones that causes longitudinal growth (increases height) | Growth plates |
| The process of bone formation in know as? | ossification |
| decreasing bone density (more holes in spongy bone) is called? | osteoporosis |
| Bone cells that cause bone growth are known as? | Osteoblasts |
| Bone cells that tear down bone are known as? | Osteoclast |
| An increase in which electrolyte is know to causes constipation, renal stones, bone pain, and mental status changes? | Calcium |
| Turbidity in urine may indicate? | Pus, bacteria in the urine |
| Examples of conditions where the ketones are elevated? | Anorexia, starvation/fasting, diabetes |
| The motor system of the brain carries orders to: | all a three types of muscles (cardiac, heart, smooth) and glands |
| Autonomic system controls: | smooth muscle, cardiac, (involuntary) |
| Somatic nervous system controls: | skeletal muscles, and voluntary function |
| autonomic NS is divided into: | parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic deals with: | resting, digesting (normal body fumctioning) |
| sympathetic is the bodys___________ | fight or flight response, (bodys alert system) |
| Neuroglia are defined as: | specialized nervous tissue cells that allow the NS functions (support NS) |
| Astrocytes are: | metabolic and structural support cells that hold the neurons and blood vessels close together. |
| microglia are: | cells that attack microbes and remove debris |
| Oligodendrocytes make a: | lipid insulation called myelin. |
| Neurons (nerve cells) are defined as: | nerve cells that control functions of the nervous system. |
| Parts of a neuron include: | dendrites, axon terminal, body, myelin |
| This part of the neuron recieves information. | dendrites |
| This part of the neuron carries info away | axon |
| synapse is the : | space between the axon terminal and receiving cell |
| An excitable cell carries___________ | a small electrical charge when stimulated |
| Schwann cells form myelin in the: | PNS (peripheral nervous system) |
| the node of ranvier is the: | tiny bare spots between adjacent glial cells. |
| tiny sacs in the terminal of the axon that release chemicals are called: | vesicles |
| Neurotransmitters are used to: | send the signal from the neuron across the synapse to the next cell in line. |
Created by:
bismark
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