Solutions, Pressures, Low and High fluid volume
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| The pressure exerted by solutes in solution | Osmotic
-Exerted mainly by sodium ions and plasma proteins
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| Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream | Oncotic
-Exerted by proteins ; albumin is the most common plasma protein
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| Standard IV solution used as a bloodstream volume expander (0.9% NaCl is commonly used) | Isotonic
-Has the same concentration as intracellular fluid
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| Increases sodium and water retention by the kidneys | Aldosterone
-Stimulates sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys, increasing fluid volume
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| The main intracellular cation | Potassium
-ATP pump transports potassium into the cell
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| Excreted in response to fluid volume overload | Natriuretic Peptides
-Hormonal signals released by the brain and heart in response to excess fluid in the body
-Signals increase urine output and reduce fluid volume
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| Characterized by excess fluid in interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments | Edema
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| Diminished water volume in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid | Dehydration
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| Type of IV given to reduce cellular swelling (Mannitol IV solution is an example) | Hypertonic
-Makes the cells shrink/pulls water out of cells
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| The main determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity | Sodium
-Plays a primary role in plasma osmolarity
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| A young male arrives at the emergency department having suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. To reduce swelling of the brain’s cells, a __________________ IV solution is administered. | Hypertonic
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| In conditions of fluid volume deficit, which of the following would you expect to be elevated? Select all that apply. | -Thirst
-Renin
-Antidiuretic hormone
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| A client has fluid volume excess. Which are the symptoms the client might exhibit due to fluid volume excess? Select all that apply. | -Edema
-Increased urine output
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| Which of the following is a primary determinant of oncotic pressure? | Albumin
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| What does renin do? | Encourages the body to maintain water and sodium
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| What are osmoreceptors? | Receptors in hypothalamus that activate thirst
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