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NURS 319: Acid/Base
Chapter 8 Acid-Base Balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| defintion of pH | partial Hydrogen or measure of hydrogen |
| normal range of blood pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| what pH defines acidosis | below 7.3 |
| what pH defines alkalosis | above 7.45 |
| normal range of pCO2 | 35-45 |
| normal range of HCO3- | 22-26 |
| Law of Mass Action in regard to the Carbonic acid/ Bicarbonate equation | The equation moves depending on what there's most of; ex: more CO2? Equation moves to right to help body get back to normal pH |
| Buffer systems | What respond to abnormal ranges and work to reestablish equilibrium |
| buffer system example | proteins act together to restore pH |
| Role of respiratory tract as a buffer by regulating CO2 | hypoventilation to increase CO2 hyperventilation to decrease CO2 these processes cannot be done for long |
| Role of kidneys as buffers by regulating H+ and HCO3- | will excrete/ retain based on body's needs |
| What would the pH, pCO2, and HCO3- be in respiratory acidosis | pH low, CO2 high, HCO3- normal |
| Why does anxiety leading to hyperventilating cause respiratory alkalosis? | Hyperventilating excretes carbon dioxide and causes an imbalance. Respiratory alkalosis is when pH is elevated, CO2 is low and HCO3- is normal |
| causes of metabolic acidosis? what would pH, CO2, and HCO3- be? | lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure pH low, HCO3- low |
| Compensation that occurs in metabolic acidosis by respiratory compensation? | lungs increase ventilation, then kidneys excrete H+, reabsorb HCO3- (IV bicarb needed) |
| how do chemoreceptors affect respiratory rate and depth | increase breathing |
| causes of metabolic alkalosis and how would respiratory system and kidney compensate? | pH high, HCO3- high lungs decrease ventilation, kidneys excrete HCO3- and retain H+.... Kidneys reabsorb H+ instead of K+ |
| How do acidosis and alkalosis effect the electrolytes? | Resp. Alkalosis: lowers Ca+ and K+ (losing CO2) Metabolic Acidosis: build up of Ca+ and K+ (lowered bicarb) Metabolic Alkalosis: lowers Ca+ and K+ (increase in bicarb) |
| What is the normal anion gap, and what would cause it to increase above normal? | Anion gap is the concentration of unmeasured anions; Large amounts of unmeasured acids entering the blood stream would cause increase. Normal range- 8-16 MEQ/L |
Created by:
lcorlew1
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