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Fluids
Solutions, Pressures, Low and High fluid volume
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The pressure exerted by solutes in solution | Osmotic -Exerted mainly by sodium ions and plasma proteins |
| Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream | Oncotic -Exerted by proteins ; albumin is the most common plasma protein |
| Standard IV solution used as a bloodstream volume expander (0.9% NaCl is commonly used) | Isotonic -Has the same concentration as intracellular fluid |
| Increases sodium and water retention by the kidneys | Aldosterone -Stimulates sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys, increasing fluid volume |
| The main intracellular cation | Potassium -ATP pump transports potassium into the cell |
| Excreted in response to fluid volume overload | Natriuretic Peptides -Hormonal signals released by the brain and heart in response to excess fluid in the body -Signals increase urine output and reduce fluid volume |
| Characterized by excess fluid in interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments | Edema |
| Diminished water volume in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid | Dehydration |
| Type of IV given to reduce cellular swelling (Mannitol IV solution is an example) | Hypertonic -Makes the cells shrink/pulls water out of cells |
| The main determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity | Sodium -Plays a primary role in plasma osmolarity |
| A young male arrives at the emergency department having suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. To reduce swelling of the brain’s cells, a __________________ IV solution is administered. | Hypertonic |
| In conditions of fluid volume deficit, which of the following would you expect to be elevated? Select all that apply. | -Thirst -Renin -Antidiuretic hormone |
| A client has fluid volume excess. Which are the symptoms the client might exhibit due to fluid volume excess? Select all that apply. | -Edema -Increased urine output - |
| Which of the following is a primary determinant of oncotic pressure? | Albumin |
| What does renin do? | Encourages the body to maintain water and sodium |
| What are osmoreceptors? | Receptors in hypothalamus that activate thirst |
Created by:
kmeans34
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