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SCI225 Midterm
Nightingale Pathophysiology Summer 2022 Midterm Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. What is the likely diagnosis? | CF |
| Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: | Protect cells from injury |
| If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first? | Brain |
| The nurse is in the genetics clinic describing a disease that leads to progressive dementia in middle to late adulthood... | Huntingtons |
| The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is: | Codon |
| The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment is called the disease | Phenotype |
| The condition that occurs when a zygote is missing in each cell is referred to as: | a "monosomy" |
| The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis: | Transcription |
| The somatic cell that contains a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called: | A euploid cell |
| What is the chief function of ribosomes | Protein synthesis |
| A disease that results in lipids in the nerve cells of the brain | Tay-Sachs |
| Cellular atrophy is: | A decrease in cell size |
| The process by which cells program themselves to die: | Apoptosis |
| What causes metaplasia in humans | Cell injury from noxious stimuli |
| The postmortem decrease in a patient's body temperature will be documented as: | Algor mortis |
| Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal changes in: | Cell Secretions |
| Clastogens are agents that cause: | Chromosomal breakage |
| When a patient has an extreme laceration (with a flap) how is that documented? | Avulsion |
| A patient with combined immunodeficiency lacks | T and B lymphocytes |
| When assessing a patient with SLE, you should expect to identify | Arthralgia, anemia, and rash |
| Your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. What type if hypersensitivity is this? | Type I |
| The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are: | Neutrophils and macrophages |
| What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle? | Controls clotting by breaking down fibrin |
| Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is: | Skin and mucous membranes |
| Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses? | Interferon |
| What term is used to describe the process of endocytosis | Engulfment |
| DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of which organ? | Thymus |
| You are planning a community event about systematic lupus erythematosus. To which population should your teaching be primarily focused? | Women 20-40 years old |
| The most common symptom reported associated with cancer is: | Fatigue |
| The retinoblastoma gene is what type of gene | Tumor-suppressor |
| A process in which a piece of one chromosome is moved to another chromosome is: | Translocation |
| What term is used to describe cancer that extends to organs or tissues different from the site of origin? | Metastasis |
| What is the leading cause of death in developed countries? | Cancer |
| What would you expect to occur when a patients cancer is caused by mutations of a proto-oncogene? | Increased cell division |
| A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment. Which condition should you assess for in this patient? | Infection |
| Malignant tumors have a tendency to: | Invade surrounding tissues and metastasize |
| For metastasis to occur, tumors must be capable of: | Surviving in the bloodstream |
| The development in sensory and motor symptoms in MS is caused by: | Immunologic and inflammatory demyelination of CNS neurons |
| Subdural hematomas: | Bleed between the dura matter and the brain |
| Autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by: | Stimulation of sensory/pain receptors below the level of the spinal cord lesion |
| What usually causes encephalitis | Viral infection |
| Most forms of focal brain injury are associated with increased: | Brain swelling |
| ALS is caused by: | Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons |
| A patient has a spinal cord tumor that originated within neural tissues. What is this called? | Intramedullary |
| A sign associated with classic cerebral concussion is: | Loss of consciousness |
| Your patient has Guillan-Barré. During the health history you should ask about: | Resp. or GI viral infections |
| Cerebral Thrombosis most often develops from: | Atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease process |
| Which intervertebral disks should be assessed first for herniation? | L4-S1 |
| Your patient's head hit the steering wheel during an MVC. Which part of the brain received the coup injury | Frontal |
| What type of injury will the nurse prepare to care for with a diffuse brain injury? | Concussion |
| A patient has a recent spinal cord injury. Which term should the nurse use to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury? | Spinal shock |
| Your patient has HIV and painful burning dysesthesias, especially in the extremities. What condition will you document? | HIV neuropathy |
| During assessment of a patient with meningitis, you want to test for nuchal rigidity. What do you perform? | Kernig |
| During a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis, a patient is in danger of: | Resp. arrest |
| Irritative syndromes involve: | Compressive symptoms plus radicular pain and paresthesias |
| A herniated disk allows the nucleus pulposus to: | Extrude and compress the nerve root. |
| The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components: | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, intracellular organelles |
| An inherited alteration of genetic material is called: | Mutation |
| Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less matured cell type is: | Metaplasia |
| A problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid within interstitial spaces is: | Edema |
| Waterbalance is regulated by: | Sensation of thirst and ADH |
| What is regulated by the kidney, aldosterone, insulin secretion, and changes in pH | Potassium balance |
| The second line of defense is: | Inflammatory response |
| What are molecules that bind and react with components of the immune response, such as antibodies and receptors on T and B cells | Antigens |
| What enters host cells and uses the metabolic processes of host cells to proliferate and cause disease? | Viruses |
| A propensity to unusual or recurrent severe infections is a hallmark for: | Immunodeficiency I |
Created by:
stacey_b24
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