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NURS 319: Stress
Chapter 4 Stress
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eustress | good stress ex: stress before a wedding |
| distress | bad stress ex: divorce, illness |
| acute stress | stress that occurs but doesn't last long |
| chronic stress | long lasting stress |
| stages of stress | alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| the _____ stage is also known as "fight or flight" | alarm |
| In this stage, the body perceives a stressful stimulus. Initially, the _______ nervous system which releases the neurotransmitters (that are also known as catecholamines) | sympathetic epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| The catecholamines are released when the ______ gland is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. They are found in the ______ of the ______ gland. | adrenal; medulla, adrenal |
| What are the actions of epinephrine? | increase smooth muscle contraction, dilate pupils, contract intestinal sphincter muscles |
| What are the actions of norepinephrine? | increase alertness, arousal, and attention vasoconstriction of blood vessels |
| In the initial ______ stage of stress, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla to release the catecholamines. | alarm |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine ______ the BP, elevate ______ sugar, ______ the GI tract, ______ heart rate,. and ______ respirations, ______ urine production, ______ pupils, ______ blood flow to muscles, and _____ sweating. | increase; blood; increase; increase; increase; dilate; increase; induce |
| Alarm stage reactions occur in an initial response to a stressor but cannot be sustained for a long period due to the short half-life of the neurotransmitters (_____ & _____). | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| As the SNS is responding the _______ gland is stimulated to release _______ ____ factor (CRF). | pituitary; corticotropin releasing |
| CRF stimulates the ______ _______ to release ______ (ACTH). | anterior pituitary; adrenal corticolopen hormone |
| ACTH stimulates the ____ ___ to release _____, which helps to sustain the body's response to the stress. This is the beginning of the _______ phase of the stress response. | adrenal cortex; cortisol; resistance |
| The resistance stage of stress is called the _____ Axis. | HPA |
| What are the functions of cortisol? | increase blood pressure, increase glucose, decrease immune response (long term) |
| What common medication is used for various inflammatory issues or infections can you think of that has the same action as cortisol? | Hydrocortisone |
| What is the main purpose of the resistance stage in your own words? | body is coping with stress and making it the new normal |
| What are some symptoms someone will develop in the resistance stage? | weight gain, chronic illness- getting sicker, hypertension |
| What other hormones play a role in the stress response? | catecholamines |
| When the stress overwhelms the body- or the body reaches _______ load, illness occurs. This is the ______ stage. | allostatic; exhaustion |
| Cumulative stress in addition to poor adaptability causes _______ ________. This maladaptation to stress causes ____ illness. | decreased immunosuppression; chronic |
| When the stress is relieved the ________ nervous system induces relaxation. Another term is "rest and digest" | parasympathetic |
| What are some actions of the PNS? | Opposite of SNS- undos its actions |
| Define allostasis | the body's processes in order to get back to homeostasis |
| Define allostatic overload and give an example | Too much stress, body cannot adapt to it ex: getting sick while studying and stressing over a test |
| What can be done to help relieve stress? | Exercise, talk it out, go outside, take a break |
Created by:
lcorlew1
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