Miller Motter Technical College Medical Terminology Ch12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen
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| an/o | anus
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| appendic/o | appendix
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| bil/i, chol/e | bile
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| cheil/o | lip
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| col/o, colon/o | colon
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| cyst/o | bladder or sac
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| dent/i | teeth
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| doch/o | duct
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| enter/o | small intestine
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| gingiv/o | gum
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| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue
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| hepat/o, hepatic/o | liver
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| herni/o | hernia
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| ile/o | ileum
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| inguin/o | groin
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| jejun/o | jejunum (empty)
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| lith/o | stone
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| or/o, stomat/o | mouth
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| peritone/o | peritoneum
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| phag/o | eat or swallow
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| pylor/o | pylorus (gatekeeper)
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| rect/o | rectum
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| sial/o | saliva
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon (resembles)
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| steat/o | fat
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| -emesis (suffix) | vomiting
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| oral cavity,mouth | cavity that receives food for digestion
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| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular (submaxillary), and the sublingual glands
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| cheeks | lateral walls of the mouth
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| lips | fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
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| palate | structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into the hard palate and the soft palate
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| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
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| tongue | muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by a band
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| gums | tissue covering the processes of the jaws
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| teeth | hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food
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| pharynx | throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx esophagus
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| stomach | sac
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| cardiac sphincter | opening from the esophagus to the stomach
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| pyloric sphincter | opening from the stomach into the duodenum
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| small intestine | smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
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| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine
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| Jejunum | second portion of the small intestine
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| Ileum | third portion of the small intestine
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| Cecum | first part of the large intestine
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| Colon | portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape
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| ascending colon | portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum
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| transverse colon | portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum
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| descending colon | portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon
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| sigmoid colon | portion of the colon (resembling an “S” in shape) that terminates at the rectum rectum
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| anus | opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
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| defecation | evacuation of feces from the rectum
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| peritoneum | membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)
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| peritoneal cavity | space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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| liver | organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
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| gallbladder | receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
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| pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
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| biliary ducts | ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts
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| Anorexia | loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)
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| Aphagia | inability to swallow
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| Ascites | accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)
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| Buccal | in the cheek
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| Diarrhea | frequent loose or liquid stools
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| Constipation | infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
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| Dyspepsia | indigestion
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| Dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing
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| Eructation | belch
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| Flatulence | gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus = a blowing)
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| Halitosis | bad breath (halitus = breath)
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| Hematemesis | vomiting blood
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| Hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver
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| Hyperbilirubinemia | excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
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| Icterus, jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
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| Melena | dark
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| Nausea | feeling sick in the stomach
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| Steatorrhea | feces containing fat
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| Sublingual,hypoglossal | under the tongue
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| Cheilitis | inflammation of the lip
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| esophageal varices | swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
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| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus
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| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
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| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums
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| pyloric stenosis | narrowed condition of the pylorus
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| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth
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| colitis | inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
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| diverticulum | an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
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| enteritis | inflammation of the small intestine
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| hemorrhoid | swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region
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| hernia | protrusion of a part from its normal location
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| ileitis | inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
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| intussusceptions | prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
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| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder
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| choledocholithiasis | presence of stones in the common bile duct
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| cholelithiasis | presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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| cirrhosis | chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
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| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | endoscopic procedure including x
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| colonoscopy | examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope
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| laparoscopy | examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery
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| cholangiogram | x-ray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery
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| cholecystogram | x-ray image of the gallbladder obtained after oral ingestion of iodine
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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