Unit 5 Vocab
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| Dairy Farming 5.1 | show 🗑
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| show | A type of agricultural production that involves the use of relatively low levels of inputs, such as labor, capital, and chemicals, in order to produce crops or livestock.
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| Intensive Agriculture 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Market Gardening 5.1 | show 🗑
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| show | Agricultural system practiced in Mediterranean style climates of Western Europe, California, portions of Chile and Aus., where diverse specialty crops like grapes, avocados, olives, and nuts, fruits, vegetables make profitable agricultural operations.
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| Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Pastoral Nomadism 5.1 | show 🗑
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| show | A type of large scale, monoculture farming that involves the cultivation of a single crop, typically a tropical export crop such as coffee, coca, or bananas on a large piece of land.
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| Ranching 5.1 | show 🗑
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| show | A type of agriculture that involves clearing a small area of land, planting crops for a few years, and then moving on to a new plot of land when the soil fertility declines. Often practiced by small scale farmers in tropical regions.
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| Truck Farming 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Clustered Rural Settlement 5.2 | show 🗑
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| show | A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
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| show | A type of rural settlement in which homes and other structures are arranged in a long, narrow configuration along a transportation corridor, such as a river, a road, or a rail line. Can be found in a variety of settings.
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| show | A type of rural survey method where land is divided into narrow lots perpendicular to a river, road, or canal. Lots stretch from buildings or houses to the river, road, etc. Gives everyone equal access to the "resource"
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| show | A type of rural survey method that defines the boundaries of a piece of land based on the physical landscape, directions, and distances
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| Township and Range System 5.2 | show 🗑
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| Metes 5.2 | show 🗑
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| show | A general boundary (waterways, walls, existing buildings, etc)
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| Domestication (plants and animals) 5.3 | show 🗑
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| show | A variety of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies were exchanged between the Americas and the Eastern hemisphere
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| show | Transition from hunting and gathering to growing plants and raising livestock. People began to understand seeds, water, and plant/animal care. Became more sedentary. Happened 1st in Ancient Mesopotamia ~10,000 years ago.
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| show | A period of rapid agricultural development in Britain that took place between the 16th and early 19th centuries. It was characterized by a number of changes and innovations that transformed the way food was produced and consumed.
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| show | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil
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| Fertilizers 5.4 | show 🗑
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| show | Period of development in agriculture in mid-20th century, primarily in MDC. Characterized by the intro of high-yield varieties of crops, use of irrigation, other technological innovations, and the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
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| Mechanization 5.5 | show 🗑
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| show | Helps to control pests and diseases, which can damage crops and reduce yields
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| show | A period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields and agricultural production. These changes in agriculture began in developed countries after World War II and spread globally till the late 1980s
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| Bid Rent Theory 5.6 | show 🗑
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| Monocropping (Monoculture) 5.6 | show 🗑
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| show | System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market
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| show | The production of crop/livestock on a large scale,often using modern techniques and technologies, such as mechanization to increase efficiency and productivity. Typically owned and operated by corporations/large businesses, rather than individual families
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| Commodity Chain 5.7 | show 🗑
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| Von Thunen Model 5.8 | show 🗑
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| show | A commodity that is produced in one country and sold to another country for export- Ex: Wheat, cotton, and oil
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| show | The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise- Ex: Roads, bridges, water treatment plants, and schools.
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| Subsidy 5.9 | show 🗑
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| show | A trade agreement that promotes the fair treatment of workers and the sustainable production of goods, often by establishing minimum prices for certain products and requiring environmentally sustainable practices
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| Luxury Crop 5.9 | show 🗑
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| Neocolonialism 5.9 | show 🗑
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| show | The sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation
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| Deforestation 5.10 | show 🗑
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| show | The process by which fertile land becomes desert-like, due to a variety of factors, such as climate change, overuse, and poor land management practices.
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| Draining Wetlands 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Irrigation 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Slash and Burn Agriculture 5.10 | show 🗑
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| show | When soil becomes too salty, which can make it difficult or impossible for plants to grow. This can be caused by a number of factors, including irrigation with salty water, improper drainage, and high levels of naturally occurring salts in the soil.
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| Terrace Farming 5.10 | show 🗑
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| show | Excessive use of grazing land by livestock, which can lead to the degradation of the land. Occurs when the number of livestock that are allowed to graze on a piece of land exceeds the land's carrying capacity
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| Overfishing 5.10 | show 🗑
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| show | The farming of aquatic organisms, such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed. It is an important source of food and other products, such as fishmeal, fish oil, and pearls.
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| Biotechnology 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Community-supported agriculture (CSA) 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Fair trade 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Food desert 5.11 | show 🗑
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| show | The state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
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| Local-food movements 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs) 5.11 | show 🗑
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| show | Farming that is grown and processed using no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
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| show | Integrating growing crops or raising animals into an urban ecosystem.
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| show | Changing the physical state or form of an agricultural product in a way that increases it's worth (wheat into flour or berries into jam).
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| show | New techniques of fish farming that may contribute as much to human nutrition as miracle cereal grains but also may create social and environmental problems.
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| show | Drugs that block growth and reproduction of bacteria
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| show | The "birthplace" of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world.
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| show | The variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for good and agriculture.
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| Cash Crop | show 🗑
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| show | The harvesting of two crops or commodities in a calendar year, such as winter wheat in the spring and soybeans in the fall
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| show | A plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market
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| Milkshed | show 🗑
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| show | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
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| Herbicides | show 🗑
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| show | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
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| Tertiary Sector | show 🗑
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| show | In American commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews.
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| High Yield | show 🗑
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