final patho
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| Effects of stress | Heart burn, rapid breathing, fertility problems, Missed period, insomnia, depression, weak immune system, high blood sugar, HTN, tense muscles, low sex drive
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| Stressor | challenging demand on body that arouses a response from multiple organ systems
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| Adaptive ability | the way someone manages stress and reduces the stressor effect
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| 3 stages of stress | 1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion
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| Selye's alarm | FIGHT< FLIGHT< FREEZE
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| During Selye's alarm, what does the hypothalamus release | CRF, Corticotrophin releasing factor
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| ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to release ------- | cortisol and aldosterone
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| ACTH stimulates adrenal medulla to release------- | norepinephrine and epinephrine
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| When ACTH stimulates adrenal medulla what happens in the body? (fight or flight) | Bronchioles dilate, sweat glands increase, vasoconstriction, pupils dilate, blood flow decreases, increased alertness, resp capacity, visual acuity
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| When ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex what happens in the body? | cortisol, enhances muscle strength, increased bloo glucose,
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| Posterior pit gland secretes | ADH aka vasopressin
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| Selye's resistance | body attempts to delay effects of stress; para sympathetic responses resume relaxation
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| Selye's exhaustion | if stress if prolonged; high level of hormones= exhaustion
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| What can Selye's exhaustion cause | Depression, anxiety, fatigue
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| McEwen's stress response | cumulative adverse heath affects of reoccurring stress
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| Allostasis | state of balance that changes according to stress exposure
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| Allostasis accumulates because of 4 mechanisms: | 1. repeated stressful experiences
2. inability to adapt to stress
3. prolonged reaction to stress
4. inadequate response to stress
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| Normal stage of HTN | < 120 / < 80
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| Elevated stage of HTN | 120-129 / <80
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| Stage 1 HTN | 130-139 / 80-89
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| Stage 2 HTN | >140 / >90
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| Secondary HTN | side effect from: Cushing's, kidney disease
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| risk factors for HTN | tobacco use, excess sodium, insufficient K or D, alcohol, stress, DM
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| If systemic BP is high, aortic is | increased
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| stress= elevated levels of what | angiotensin II
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| Atherosclerosis | Gradual plaque buildup on artery walls
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