introduction to the skeletal system
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
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| hemopoiesis | show 🗑
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| yellow bone marrow | show 🗑
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| five categories of bones | show 🗑
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| show | S/shaft and two extremities | S/slightly curved for strength | EX/femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges
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| short bones | show 🗑
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| show | SF/provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment | SA/generally thin | EX/cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
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| show | A/complex shapes, not easily categorized | EX/vertebrae, hip bones, certain facial bones, heel bone (calcaneus)
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| show | EX/kneecaps; also, tiny bones only a few mm in diameter that develop in certain tendons, esp in palms and soles | F/protect tendons from excessive wear and tear
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| diaphysis | show 🗑
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| epiphyses | show 🗑
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| show | in long bones, the regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses; these are the regions where bone growth (in length) takes place
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| show | thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation with another bone | F/reduces friction and absorbs shock
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| show | in long bones, a tough sheath of irregular CT that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage | CF/contains bone-forming cells that help the bone to grow in thickness
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| medullary cavity | show 🗑
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| endosteum | show 🗑
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| ECM of osseous tissue | show 🗑
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| osteogenic cells | show 🗑
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| osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| show | the most numerous cells in osseous tissue | F/maintain the daily metabolism of osseous tissue, exchanging nutrients and wastes with the blood
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| show | A/very large | C/derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of WBC) | L/concentrated in the endosteum | F/break down the ECM of osseous tissue -- a process known as resorption, which is part of the normal maintenance and repair of bones
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| two major types of osseous tissue | show 🗑
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| Volkmann's canals | show 🗑
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| show | aka central canals | in compact bone tissue, canals that run longitudinally -- containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
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| concentric lamellae | show 🗑
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| show | in compact bone tissue, small spaces that contain osteocytes | L/between concentric lamellae
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| osteon | show 🗑
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| canaliculi | show 🗑
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| spongy bone tissue | show 🗑
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| trabeculae | show 🗑
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| show | in long bones, a hole near the center of the diaphysis where the large nutrient artery and nutrient vein enter/exit [note: the femur has several nutrient arteries]
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| show | intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
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| intramembranous ossification | show 🗑
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| show | most bones form this way | steps: dev. of the cartilage model, growth of the cartilage model, dev. of the primary ossification center, dev. of the medullary cavity, dev. of the secondary oss. centers, formation of articular cartilage + epiphyseal plate
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| show | in long bones, an area of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis; responsible for lengthwise bone growth
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| 4 zones of the epiphyseal plate | show 🗑
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| epiphyseal line | show 🗑
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| show | osteoblasts in the inner layer of the periosteum secrete new ECM, creating new lamellae
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| show | adequate calcium and phosphorus in diet | vitamins A, C, B12, D, K in diet | hormones | weight-bearing exercise
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| show | in children, insulinlike growth factors (IGFs) | in adolescents, estrogens and androgens | estrogens tend to stop lengthwise growth of long bones; this is one mechanism that accounts for women's shorter average height
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Created by:
dglenn34
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