Hematology-WBC
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| function of cell stucture NUCLEUS | control center
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| function of cell structure CYTOPLASM | all protoplasm other than nucleus
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| function of cell structure CHROMATIN | thread like appearance of the chromosomes when the cell is not dividing
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| function of cell structure NUCLEOLI | oval bodies with in the nucleus direct cell reproduction and protein synthesis
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| function of cell structure VACUOLE | membrane enclosed fluid filled space
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| function of cell PLASMA MEMBRANE | regular passage of materal into and out of cell(some protection and shape)
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| what size drop of blood is used to make a differtial blood smear | blood the size of a match headEDTA Lavender use within 2 hoursfinger puncture do not touch slide with skin
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| what are the characteristics of a good smear | 1)gradual transition from thick to thin end with feathered edge covers 3/4 of slide-2)no waves, holes, clots-3)does not come to abrupt end and does not extend off slide
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| what are 3 main causes a blood smear to be too thick | 1)angle too high-more than 45 degree-2)motion too fast-3)drop too large
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| what are 3 main causes a blood smear to be too thin | 1)drop too small-2)motion too small-3)angle too low
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| if the blood smears you are making are coming out too thin-how would you correct them | 1)more blood-2)increase angle of spreader slide-3)move a little faster
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| what is the composition of wright's stain | alcohol solution-acid dye(eosin-stains reds)-alkaline dye(methylene blue-stains blue)
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| wright's stain is a differental stain which means | causes stains to stain in different colors
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| what is accomplished in the 2 step staining procedure | 1)material fixed to slide with wright's stain-2)polychrome staining with addition to buffer
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| what controls the acid-base balance the stain | 1)low-too red-2)high-too blue-3)ph of the phosate buffer (ph6.4-6.8)
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| quick stain | the stain contains the buffer one step not 2
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| if the blood smears do not stain well what should you check | 1)ph of stain buffer wash water-2)timing
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| what tests are included in a complete CBC | rbc,wbc,platelets
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| what pathway is followed when counting a differential blood smear | serpentine at feathered edge
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| how many cells are counted | 100 consecutive
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| which microscope objective is used | 97x oil immersion
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| the following cells are not counted when doing a differential blood smear | accumulated white cells, disintegrated cells, precipitated stain, smudge cells, basket cells
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| the following cells are counted when doing a differential blood smear | distorted lymphocytes, poorly stained cells, vacuolated cells,
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| neutrophilic segmented cell function | phagocytosis of bacteria and small paricles
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| neutrophilic segmented cell when increased | pyogenic,pyrogenic infection
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| what are some examples of neutrophilic segmented cells | strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, granulocytic leukemia (not bacterial-acute and chronic)
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| eosinophilic segmented cells function | to limit effects of an allergic reaction
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| eosinophilic segemented cells when increased | allergy and parasitic infection
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| what are some examples of eosinophilic segmented cells | asthma, hayfever, parasites(tapeworm, amebic dysentary(causes diarrhea-parasites in the intestine)
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| basophilic segmented cell function | little known 0-1, granules release histomine and heprin, intesify response immediately
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| basophilic segmented cell when increased | granulocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera-role in allergy small
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| monocyte function | phagocytosis of bacteria and large particles
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| monocyte when increased | chronic infection
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| the following are all non-specific | monocyte, basophilic segmented cell, eosinophilic segemented cells, neutrophilic segmented cells
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| the following are specific | lymphocyte
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| lymphocyte function | produce antibodies, transplant rejection
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| lymphocyte when increased | viral infections
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| examples of lymphocyte | mono, chicken pox, things caused by virus
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| how is neutrophilic segmented cell filament defined | so narrow there is no nuclear material between the 2 margins
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| what color is the cytoplasm in a neutrophilic segemented cell | pink with small pink-brown granules
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| what does the nucleus look like in neutrophilic band cell- | C,S, or U shaped-connecting strip wide enough to show nuclear material between margins
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| what color is the cytoplasm in a neutrophilic band cell | same as neutrophilic segmented cell
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| what do the granules in the cytoplasm look like in eosinophilic segmented cell | bright pink-red or red-organs spherical granules fill the cell -uniform size
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| what do the granules in the cytoplasm look like in basophilic segmented cell | large purple-black or blue-black irregular granules-vary in size, shape, and number (buck-shot)
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| what does the nucleus look like in a lymphocyte | dense and round
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| size of lymphocytes | small, med, and large
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| what color is the cytoplasm of a lymphocyte | robbin's egg blue- cyto is clear
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| what percent of cells are neutrophilic segmented | 50-65%
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| what percent of cells are neutrophilic band | 0-7%
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| what percent of cells are eosinophilic segmented | 1-3%
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| what percent of cells are basophilic segemented | 0-1%
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| what percent of cells are lymphocyte | 25-40%
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| what different shapes are lymphocytes | small narrow-large with few reddish granules-look like a spindle-holly shaped
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| what does the nucleus of a monocyte look like | kidney bean shape-fine open lacey
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| what does the cytoplasm of a monocyte look like | slate gray-like ground glass
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| what other characteristics might help identify as a monocyte | firm cytoplasm-very tiny reddish granules(brickdust)-blunt psuedopod(false foot)-vacuoles
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| what are the 2 kinds of lymphocytes | B-cells and T-cells
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| 2 kinds of B-cells | plasma and memory
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| 5 kinds of T-cells | helper-killer-suppressor-memory-NK
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| plasma cell | makes antibodies
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| memory cell | life span a day
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| t-4 helper cell | help b cells make antibody and summon killer cell
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| killer cell=cytoxic | kiss of death cell-injects infected cell
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| t-8 supressor cell | calls off the attack
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| memory cell | T-cell
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| NK-natural killer cell | immunologic surveillance-quick response
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| T-cells live months-years 80% are lymphocytes | .
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| 80% are T-cells and 20% are B-cells | .
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