Foundations of Gov
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| government | the institution by which a society makes and enforces public policies
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| citizen | a person who legally belongs to a country and has the rights and protection of that country
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| public policy | the goals that a government pursues in various areas of human affairs
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| legislative power | the power to make laws and frame public policies
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| executive power | the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws
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| judicial power | the power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within a society
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| dictatorship | the leader has full power over the government and its people (oligarchy or autocracy)
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| democracy | form of government where supreme authority rests with the people
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| state | a population that lives in a defined territory which is organized politically with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority
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| sovereign | when a state has supreme and absolute power over itself and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies
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| autocracy | a government where a single person has unlimited power
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| oligarchy | a government where a small group of self-appointed elite hold all power
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| unitary government | a centralized government in which all government powers belong to a singular central agency
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| federal government | a form of government in which powers are divided between central and local governments
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| confedaration | a group that comes together for a common purpose
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| presidential government | a government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are seperate, independent, and coequal
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| divine right of kings | the belief that God grants authority to a government or leader
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| legitimacy | the belief of the people that a government has the right to make and enforce public policy
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| majority rule | the majority of people will be right more often than wrong and will be right more often than any one person or small group of people
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| free enterprise system | an economc system characterized by private or corporate ownership of captial goods
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| Why do we need government? | to keep order, provide security and services, and guide the country
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| What are the duties (requirements) of citizens? | obey laws, serve in court, pay taxes, attend school, defend the nation
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| What are the civic responsibilities of citizens? | be informed, respect the rights of others, vote, and contribute to the common good
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| What are the four ways to become a citizen of the United States? | born in the US, one of your parents is a citizen, under 18 when a parent was naturalized, naturalization
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| What are the steps of the naturalization process? | determine your eligibility (18+ and lawful resident for 5 years unless married to a citizen), complete N-400 form and paperwork, fingerprinting and background check, interview and English/Civics test, and the oath of allegiance
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| aliens | people living illegally in the US
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| direct democracy | a government where all people have a say in the law making process
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| republic | citizens elect lawmakers
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| What is the best example of a unitary government? | Britain's Parliament
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| parliamentary government | executive leaders are chosen from legislative branch leaders and remain in power as long as their political party remains the majority
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| Give an example of an autocracy. | North Korea and Syria
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| Give an example of an oligarchy. | China, Russia, and India
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| Give a historical example of a dictatorship. | Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union
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| absolute monarchy | power is inherited through family and the monarch has complete power over the state and its people
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| constitutional monarchy | the monarch is the head of state but rules within the parameters of a written constitution
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| Roman Republic | inspired many of the government concepts used today
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| Greek Democracy | the root of democracy which included three institutions: the assembly, the council (senate), and the courts
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| Magna Carta | the English constitution that limited the power of the monarch and established equal treatment and trial by one's peers
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| Rousseau | believed in consent of the governed and the social contract
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| consent of the governed | the people have the right to decide what type of government they have
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| Hobbes | believed in social contract and said that we would be in a constant state of war without government
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| social contract | people agree to give up some freedoms in exchange for the rights and protection of their government
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| Montesquieu | believed in separation of powers
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| separation of powers | division of the parts of government so that no single part could become too powerful
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| John Locke | believed in natural rights and social contract, and wrote The Man
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| natural rights | god given rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
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| enlightenment | movement that rejected traditional values and emphasized reason and science
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| economic system | the way a government organizes the production and consumption of goods and services
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| capitalism | a country's industries are controlled by private owners for profit with limited government interference
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| socialism | major industries are controlled by the government and wealth is shared
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| communism | government owns all things used to make and transport products and there is no privately owned property
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| traditional economy | based on culture and rituals
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| command economy | relies on the government
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| market economy | consumers choice determines how it is operated
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| mixed economy | limited government involvement and free market concepts
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