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Foundations of Gov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| government | the institution by which a society makes and enforces public policies |
| citizen | a person who legally belongs to a country and has the rights and protection of that country |
| public policy | the goals that a government pursues in various areas of human affairs |
| legislative power | the power to make laws and frame public policies |
| executive power | the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws |
| judicial power | the power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within a society |
| dictatorship | the leader has full power over the government and its people (oligarchy or autocracy) |
| democracy | form of government where supreme authority rests with the people |
| state | a population that lives in a defined territory which is organized politically with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority |
| sovereign | when a state has supreme and absolute power over itself and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies |
| autocracy | a government where a single person has unlimited power |
| oligarchy | a government where a small group of self-appointed elite hold all power |
| unitary government | a centralized government in which all government powers belong to a singular central agency |
| federal government | a form of government in which powers are divided between central and local governments |
| confedaration | a group that comes together for a common purpose |
| presidential government | a government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are seperate, independent, and coequal |
| divine right of kings | the belief that God grants authority to a government or leader |
| legitimacy | the belief of the people that a government has the right to make and enforce public policy |
| majority rule | the majority of people will be right more often than wrong and will be right more often than any one person or small group of people |
| free enterprise system | an economc system characterized by private or corporate ownership of captial goods |
| Why do we need government? | to keep order, provide security and services, and guide the country |
| What are the duties (requirements) of citizens? | obey laws, serve in court, pay taxes, attend school, defend the nation |
| What are the civic responsibilities of citizens? | be informed, respect the rights of others, vote, and contribute to the common good |
| What are the four ways to become a citizen of the United States? | born in the US, one of your parents is a citizen, under 18 when a parent was naturalized, naturalization |
| What are the steps of the naturalization process? | determine your eligibility (18+ and lawful resident for 5 years unless married to a citizen), complete N-400 form and paperwork, fingerprinting and background check, interview and English/Civics test, and the oath of allegiance |
| aliens | people living illegally in the US |
| direct democracy | a government where all people have a say in the law making process |
| republic | citizens elect lawmakers |
| What is the best example of a unitary government? | Britain's Parliament |
| parliamentary government | executive leaders are chosen from legislative branch leaders and remain in power as long as their political party remains the majority |
| Give an example of an autocracy. | North Korea and Syria |
| Give an example of an oligarchy. | China, Russia, and India |
| Give a historical example of a dictatorship. | Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union |
| absolute monarchy | power is inherited through family and the monarch has complete power over the state and its people |
| constitutional monarchy | the monarch is the head of state but rules within the parameters of a written constitution |
| Roman Republic | inspired many of the government concepts used today |
| Greek Democracy | the root of democracy which included three institutions: the assembly, the council (senate), and the courts |
| Magna Carta | the English constitution that limited the power of the monarch and established equal treatment and trial by one's peers |
| Rousseau | believed in consent of the governed and the social contract |
| consent of the governed | the people have the right to decide what type of government they have |
| Hobbes | believed in social contract and said that we would be in a constant state of war without government |
| social contract | people agree to give up some freedoms in exchange for the rights and protection of their government |
| Montesquieu | believed in separation of powers |
| separation of powers | division of the parts of government so that no single part could become too powerful |
| John Locke | believed in natural rights and social contract, and wrote The Man |
| natural rights | god given rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness |
| enlightenment | movement that rejected traditional values and emphasized reason and science |
| economic system | the way a government organizes the production and consumption of goods and services |
| capitalism | a country's industries are controlled by private owners for profit with limited government interference |
| socialism | major industries are controlled by the government and wealth is shared |
| communism | government owns all things used to make and transport products and there is no privately owned property |
| traditional economy | based on culture and rituals |
| command economy | relies on the government |
| market economy | consumers choice determines how it is operated |
| mixed economy | limited government involvement and free market concepts |
Created by:
webbkennedy10
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