A&P2- ClassNotes P36 ImmuneSys-#4/Test 3
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| Nitric oxide is one of the free radicals released to destroy: | Invaders during respiratory burst
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| Defensins are antibiotic (bleach like) chemicals: | Released by neutrophils during attack
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| Phagocytes may be unsuccessful if A: | Bacterial capsule or other such structure is present to prevent attachment by phagocyte
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| no attachment means | no possibility of phagocytosis
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| OPSONIZATION occurs when the complement proteins/antibodies coat the: | Pathogens surface-thereby providing phagocyte-binding sites
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| After OPSONIZATION occurs the antibodies are called: | OPSONINS
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| Types of phagocytes: | macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils
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| The chief phagocyte is: | Macrophage, formerly a monocyte
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| Macrophage is AKA: 3 | RETICULO-ENDOTHIAL, HISTIOCYTE OR Monocyte/macrophage system
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| Macrophage is derived from: | monocytes that leave BV's & enter tissues
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| After monocytes leave BV's and become Macrophages they: | Enlarge & increase lysosome component
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| What phagocyte is a good survivor? | macrophage
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| Macrophages do not release toxic chemicals but: | rely on intracellular destruction of pathogens
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| Macrophages secrete chemical mediators called: | MONOKINES
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| INTERLEUKIN-1 is a specific: | MONOKINE
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| MONOKINES come from a class of: | soluble glycoproteins called CYTOKINES
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| INTERLEUKIN-1 co-stimulates: | bound T-cells to release INTERLEUKIN-2
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| The job of INTERLEUKIN-2 is to create a: | pos. feedback cycle to proliferate active T-cells
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| FREE (MOTIVE) MACROPHAGES: | wonder tissue spaces; ie:dust cells that patrol lungs
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| FIXED MACROPHAGES: | stay in 1 place; ie:Kupffer cells of liver or microglia of CNS
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| Macrophages of lungs & lymph nodes develop from: | monocytes formed in bone marrow
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| Macrophages engulf foreign particles &: | Display them on thier cell membrane surface
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| Macrophages display info about foreign particles so that: | T-cells can learn the identity of invader AND B-cells can approach them and copy the shape of the invader
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| B-cells use shape of invader infomation to: | start a recipe for antibody production
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| Neutrophil (MICROcrophages) become: | phagocytes when they encounter pathogens
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| Neutrophils usually destroy themself in the process of defense due to: | types of chemicals they produce & release (bleach-like stuff, oxidizers, etc...)
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| Eosinophils are critical in defense against: | parasitic worms;
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| Eosinophils attack worms by: | pressing against them & firing the contents of lysosomes at them
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| The weakest phagocyte is the : | eosinophils (microphage) Note: MI not MA
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| Phagocytosis is a form of: | active transport
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| Phagocytosis requires the use of: | enzymes, AND other forms of cellular energy (ATP)
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| Engulfment of pathogens on a grand scale is called: | phagocytosis
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