Anatomy Exam 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Osteprogenitor cells | undifferentiated cells
becomes osteoblasts
only mitotic cells of bone
found in periosteum and endosteum
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| Osteoblast cells | form true bone cells
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| osteocytes | true bone cells
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| osteoclast cells | tear down bone (destroy)
secrete acid that leaches out of the minerals from bone (osteolysis)
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| Metaphysis | between epiphysis and diaphysis
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| Diaphysis | shaft of the bone
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| epiphysis | ends of the bone
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| outer periosteum | protection, repair, growth, nutrition, place for attachment
fibrous CT, nerves, BVs, lymphnodes
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| inner periosteum | bone building layer
elastic fibers, BVs, osteoblasts and osteoclasts
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| endosteum | CT, primary osteoclasts some blasts
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| Compact bone | concentric circle formation
thicker in diaphysis, dense, few spaces, overlays spongey, protection, support, resistant to stress
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| spongey bone | "cancellous bone"
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| ossification | making of osseous tissue (spongey and compact)
intramembranous= fibrous tissue becomes bone
endochondrial ossification=cartilage model overtime cells replaced by bone
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| trabecula | bony strusts
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| epiphyseal plate | found in metaphysis area
region where bone increase in length
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| Zone of proriferating cartilage | cells increase in # and stack on eachother
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| Zone of reserve cartilage | chondrocytes are small, hooks epi plate to epiphysis
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| zone of hypertrophic cartilage | chondrocytes mature; large cells; matrix starts to calcify; these cells will die
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| zone of calcified matrix | dead cells; osteoblasts and capillaries from diaphysis invade the layer and bone formed here
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| long bone | greater length than width, marrow cavity present
i.e. femur, phalanges, humerus
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| short bone | cube shaped, length=width
i.e. carpals, tarsals
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| flat bone | parallel layers of compact bone with spongey
i.e. cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula
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| irregular bone | varied amounts of both spongey and compact bone, irregular shape
i.e. facial bones, vertebrae
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| Wormian Bone | sutural bones of cranium; small clusters of bones in cranial suture
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| sesamoid bones | small bones form in tendons where pressure is great
i.e. wrist # varies person to person, patella same for all
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| axial skeleton | 80 bones found in body's midline
i.e. ribs, sternum, cranium/skull, vert. column
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| appendicular skeleton | 126 bones including appendages and girdles
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| coronal suture | frontal and parietal
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| sagittal suture | parietal bones (2)
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| Lambdoidal suture | occipital and parietal
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| squamosal suture | parietal and temporal
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| fontanels | little fountains
soft spots in baby's skull
hasn't yet turned to bone at birth
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| antifontanel | diamond shaped, closes 18-24 mos.
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| posterior fontanel | diamond shaped
b/w parietal and occipital bones
smaller, fuses earlier by 2 mos.
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| frontal bones | forehead, anterior cranium, parts of orbits, ant. cranial floor,
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| superciliary arches | swelling that form deep to eyebrows
"brow ridges"
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| supraorbital ridge | most sup. border of orbit
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| frontal sinuses | deep to superciliary arches
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| supraorbital foramen | in or immed. sup. to the supraorbital margins
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| Parietal Bone | sides and sup. part of cranium
houses BVs and nerves
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| Temporal Bone | inferior, lateral of cranium
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| temporal squama | superior border of temporal bone
thin, flattened rim
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| zygomatic process (of temp. bone) | articulates with the temporal process of the zygo. bone to form zygo. arch
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| Petrus portion | inferior part of temporal bone
includes inner ear, middle ear, carotid foramen, and jugular foramen
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| mandibular fossa | depression close to zygo process receives condylar process of mandible TM joint
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| styloid process | projects interioraly (temporal bone)
muscle & ligament attachment reponsible for tongue and neck movement
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| mastiod process | process located in mastoid portion
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| sphenoid bone | "batwing bone"
articulates with all other cranila bones, base of middle part of skull
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