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Bones
Anatomy Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osteprogenitor cells | undifferentiated cells becomes osteoblasts only mitotic cells of bone found in periosteum and endosteum |
| Osteoblast cells | form true bone cells |
| osteocytes | true bone cells |
| osteoclast cells | tear down bone (destroy) secrete acid that leaches out of the minerals from bone (osteolysis) |
| Metaphysis | between epiphysis and diaphysis |
| Diaphysis | shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | ends of the bone |
| outer periosteum | protection, repair, growth, nutrition, place for attachment fibrous CT, nerves, BVs, lymphnodes |
| inner periosteum | bone building layer elastic fibers, BVs, osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| endosteum | CT, primary osteoclasts some blasts |
| Compact bone | concentric circle formation thicker in diaphysis, dense, few spaces, overlays spongey, protection, support, resistant to stress |
| spongey bone | "cancellous bone" |
| ossification | making of osseous tissue (spongey and compact) intramembranous= fibrous tissue becomes bone endochondrial ossification=cartilage model overtime cells replaced by bone |
| trabecula | bony strusts |
| epiphyseal plate | found in metaphysis area region where bone increase in length |
| Zone of proriferating cartilage | cells increase in # and stack on eachother |
| Zone of reserve cartilage | chondrocytes are small, hooks epi plate to epiphysis |
| zone of hypertrophic cartilage | chondrocytes mature; large cells; matrix starts to calcify; these cells will die |
| zone of calcified matrix | dead cells; osteoblasts and capillaries from diaphysis invade the layer and bone formed here |
| long bone | greater length than width, marrow cavity present i.e. femur, phalanges, humerus |
| short bone | cube shaped, length=width i.e. carpals, tarsals |
| flat bone | parallel layers of compact bone with spongey i.e. cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula |
| irregular bone | varied amounts of both spongey and compact bone, irregular shape i.e. facial bones, vertebrae |
| Wormian Bone | sutural bones of cranium; small clusters of bones in cranial suture |
| sesamoid bones | small bones form in tendons where pressure is great i.e. wrist # varies person to person, patella same for all |
| axial skeleton | 80 bones found in body's midline i.e. ribs, sternum, cranium/skull, vert. column |
| appendicular skeleton | 126 bones including appendages and girdles |
| coronal suture | frontal and parietal |
| sagittal suture | parietal bones (2) |
| Lambdoidal suture | occipital and parietal |
| squamosal suture | parietal and temporal |
| fontanels | little fountains soft spots in baby's skull hasn't yet turned to bone at birth |
| antifontanel | diamond shaped, closes 18-24 mos. |
| posterior fontanel | diamond shaped b/w parietal and occipital bones smaller, fuses earlier by 2 mos. |
| frontal bones | forehead, anterior cranium, parts of orbits, ant. cranial floor, |
| superciliary arches | swelling that form deep to eyebrows "brow ridges" |
| supraorbital ridge | most sup. border of orbit |
| frontal sinuses | deep to superciliary arches |
| supraorbital foramen | in or immed. sup. to the supraorbital margins |
| Parietal Bone | sides and sup. part of cranium houses BVs and nerves |
| Temporal Bone | inferior, lateral of cranium |
| temporal squama | superior border of temporal bone thin, flattened rim |
| zygomatic process (of temp. bone) | articulates with the temporal process of the zygo. bone to form zygo. arch |
| Petrus portion | inferior part of temporal bone includes inner ear, middle ear, carotid foramen, and jugular foramen |
| mandibular fossa | depression close to zygo process receives condylar process of mandible TM joint |
| styloid process | projects interioraly (temporal bone) muscle & ligament attachment reponsible for tongue and neck movement |
| mastiod process | process located in mastoid portion |
| sphenoid bone | "batwing bone" articulates with all other cranila bones, base of middle part of skull |
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