MDA109 Chapter 7 Respiratory System
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| anorexia | loss of appetite
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| diffuse | spreading out
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| septum | wall dividing 2 cavities (ex: the nasal septum separates the 2 nostrils)
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| serous membrane | thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps membrane moist (AKA serosa)
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| olfacotry neurons | receptors for sense of smell
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| mediastinum | space between right and left lungs
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| pleura | a serous membrane,covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity
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| parietal pleura | membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
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| visceral pleura | membrane lying closest to the lungs
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| pleural cavity | space between parietal and visceral pleura
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| inspiration | drawing air into the lungs
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| expiration | air leaving the lungs
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| pulmonary ventilation | breathing
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| external respiraiton | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
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| transport of respiratory gases | when blood (aided by cardiovascular syatem) transports CO2 to lungs and O2 to body cells
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| internal respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and blood in systemic capillaries
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| sept/o | septum
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| bronchi/o | bronchus
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| bronch/o | bronchus
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole
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| alveol/o | alveolus, air sac
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| pneum/o | air,lung
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| pneumon/o | air, lung
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| anthrac/o | coal, coal dust
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| atel/o | incomplete, imperfect
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| coni/o | dust
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| lob/o | lobe
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| orth/oorthopnea | straightbreathing in a straight or upright position
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| ox/i | oxygen
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| pector/o | chest
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| steth/o | chest
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| phren/o | diaphragm,mind
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| spir/o | breathe
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| -capnia | carbon dioxide (CO2)
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| -osmia | smell
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| -phonia | voice
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| Pulmonology | medical specialty concerned with disorders of the respiratory system
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| Pulmonologist | physician who treats disorders of the respiratpry system
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| Chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD) | included respiratory disorders that produce a chrinic partial obstruction of the air passages (3 major ones: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema)
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| asthma | spasma in the bronchial passages
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| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi
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| emphysema | decreased elasticity of the alveoli
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| pleural effusions | any abnormal fluid inthe pleural cavity (the space between visceral and parietal pleura)
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| auscultation | listening to the sounds made by the organs of the body using a stethoscope
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| percussion | gentle tapping on the chest and listening to the resultant sounds to determine size, posotion, or consistency of underlying structures
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| transudate | noninflammatory fluid, resembles serum
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| tuberculosis (TB) | communicable disease caused by a bacteria
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| pnemonia | any inflammatory disease of the lungs, may be casued by bacteria, virus, or fungi
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| consolidation | lung tissue loses it's spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged
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| cystic fibrosis | hereditary disorder of endocrine glands casues body to secrete extremely thick (viscous) mucus
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| viscous | thick
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| normal flora | fungus that normally resides in people
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| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | a condition in which thelungs no longer work effectively, threatning the life of the patient
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| systemic infection | infection affecting the entire body
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| sepsis | blood infection
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| edema | when the alveoli fill with blood
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| bronchogenic carcinoma | (AKA primary pulmonary cancer) lung cancer usu asoc with smoking
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids
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| anosmia | absence of sense of smell
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| -sphyxia | pulse
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| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung
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| atel- | incomplete, imperfect
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| -ectasis | dilation, expansion
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| cheyne-Stokes respiration | repeated breathing pattern: deep, then shallow, then not at all
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| compliance | ease with which lung can be stretched
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| coryza | upperrespiratory infection(URI), (AKA, a head cold)
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| crackle | abnormal respiratory sound
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| croup | common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs
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| epistaxis | nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage
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| finger clubbing | enlargement of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes, assoc with pulmonary disease
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| hyp/ox/emia | emia: blood conditionhyp: under, below, deficientox: oxygendeficiency of oxygen in the blood
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| hypoxia | deficiency of blood in the tissues
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| pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a whooping cough (AKA whooping cough)
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| pleurisy | inflammationf the pleural membrane characterized by stabbing pain worsened by coughing or deep breathing
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| coni: | dust
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| embol | plug
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| -us | condition, structure
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| rhonchus | abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation
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| stridor | high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by spasm or swelling of larynx or an obstruction in upper airway
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| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation results form narrowing of lumen of the respirsatory passageway
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| Mantoux test | test for TB exposure, past or present, or vaccine
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| oximetry | noninvasive method of monitoring th percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen (AKA pulse oximetry, pulse ox)
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| polysomnography | test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recording of various things
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| pulmonary function tests | multiple tests used to evaluate ability of the lungs to take in and expel air and perform gas exchange
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| spirometry | measurement of ventilatory ability by asessing lung capacity and flow
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| arterial blood gas (ABG) | test that measures partial pressure of oxygen, carbondioxide, pH, andbicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample
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| sputum culture | microbial test used to identify those disease causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, esp those causing pnemonia
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| sweat test | measeures amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat
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| aerosol therapy | lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form
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| lavage | irrigating or washing out of an organ with a stream of water or other fluid
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| postural drainage | positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions
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