treatments
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| Digital rectal exam (DRE) | insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate
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| PSA - Prostate specific antigen | blood test to screen for prostate cancer
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| Urethrogram | X-ray of the urethra and prostate
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| Semen analysis | study of semen including sperm count iwth observation of morphology and motility
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| Endorectal sonogram of the prostate | Scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum
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| Colposcopy | examination of the vagina and cervix using a specialized microscope
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| hysteroscopy | endoscopic examine on the intrauterine cavity
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| papanicolaou smear | study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities
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| hysterosalpingogram | x-ray of the fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through the cervix
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| mammogram | low dose imaging of breat tissue
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| endovaginal (transvaginal) sonogram | ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, ovaries made with transducer within the vagina
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| sonohysterogram (saline infusion sonogram) | transvaginal ultrasound made as sterile saline injected into the uterus
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| transabdominal sonogram | ultrasound image of the lower abdomen including the bladder, uterus, tubes and ovaries
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| adhesiolysis (adhesiotomy) | breaking down or s3evering of pelvic adhesion (scars)
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| cervical conization | removal of a cone shaped portion of the cervix
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| colporrhaphy | suture to repair the vagina
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| dilation & curettage (d&c) | dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium
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| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus
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| loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) | electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a device to treat cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue
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| myomectomy | excision of fibroid tumors
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| oophorectomy | surgical excision an ovary
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| ovarian cystectomy | excision of an ovarian cyst
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| salpingectomy | surgical excision of the uterine (fallopian) tube
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| salpingostomy | creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage
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| salpingotomy | incision into fallopian tube
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| tubal ligation | sterilization by cutting and tying the uterine tubes
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| circumcision | removal of the foreskin, exposing the glans penis
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| epididymectomy | removal of an epididymis
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| orchiectomy | removal of a testicle
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| orchiopexy | fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum
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| prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland
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| vasectomy | removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility
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| vasovasostomy | restoration of the function of the vas deferense to regain fertility
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| lumpectomy | excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue
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| mastectomy | removal of the entire breast
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| radical mastectomy | removal of entire breast with underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes
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| modified radical mastectomy | removal of the entire breast tissue & lymph nodes of the axilla
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| mammoplasty | surgical reconstruction of a breast
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| augmentation | reconstruction to enlarge the breast
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| mastopexy | elevation of pendulous breast tissue
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| hormone replacement therapy (hrt) | use of hormones to replace a deficiency or to regulate production
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| contraceptives | hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation
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| intrauterine device (IUD) | contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation
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| spermicicals | agents that kills sperm
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