Histology connective tissue lab notes
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| What does connective tissue do? | provides support and protection to the body while connecting various tissues/organs to on another
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| What characterizes connective tissue? | low cell density with the abundant inter cellular space occupied by a matrix of fibers and ground substance
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| What three types of fibers make up connective tissues? | collagen
elastic
reticular
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| collagen fibers are..... | most common and important; composed of the protein collagen and in life appear white; under the microscope appear thick, slightly wavy and sometimes branching or in bundles
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| elastic fibers are.... | straight, thin, and yellow in life; composed of elastin and have the ability to be stretched and return to shape
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| reticular fibers are.... | chemically similar to collagen but more delicate and require special staining
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| What are the 4 types of ground substances? | 1)viscous fluid - have the words connective tissue in their names
2)gel - firm yet flexible as in cartilages
3)bone - very hard composed of solidified calcium salts
4)blood - watery fluid matrix of low fiber content
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| What do fibroblasts do? | synthesize the protein fibers and much of the ground substance. "blast" shows that it is active in the formation of new cells/tissues
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| Where are mast cells especially abundant? | along blood vessels
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| What are mesenchymal cells? | undifferentiated cells with the potential to develop into any number of cell types
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| Areolar connective tissue forms the... | superficial fascia which serves to attach epithelium to other underlying tissues and sometimes organs to each other
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| What does areolar connective tissue look like under the microscope? | a jumble of thick pink (collagen fibers and thin purple (elastic fibers) lines with scattered purple blobs in them
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| In areolar connective tissue, what do the mast cells look like? | large cells with coarse granular cytoplasm
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| What are the numerous purple bodies without granules in areolar connective tissue? | fibroblasts
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| What does Adipose tissue look like under the microscope and why? | empty honeycombs because the lipids washed away during staining and left "signet ring" cells
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| Where is adipose tissue found? | under the skin; behind the eyes; in the mesentary; around internal organs; and among skeletal muscles
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| What is the function of adipose tissue? | functions in energy storage, insulation, offers some protection, and rounds body contours to a cosmetic advantage
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| What does dense regular connective tissue look like under the microscope? | its stained a yellowish pinkish color in wavy lines with random dark spots throughout
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| How is dense regular connective tissue arranged? | numerous collagen fibers are arranged in parallel bundles with little rows of cells in between which are usually fibroblasts
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| What does dense regular connective tissue form? | It forms the tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses
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| What characterizes dense irregular connective tissue? | fibers running in haphazard directions
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| What does dense irregular connective tissue form? | the capsule around solid organs such as kidneys, liver, and testis; the dermis of the skin and deep fascia around muscles
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| What does dense irregular connective tissue look like under a microscope? | yellowish stained fish net with dots randomly scattered throughout
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| What is cartilage composed of? | cells called chondrocytes and fibers embedded in a firm gel-like ground substance
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| What do chondroblasts do? | They can replicate and form new cartilage
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| What is the space in which the cells in cartilage live in called? | lacunae
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| What is the dense connective tissue that covers cartilage called? | perichondrium
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| What does hyaline cartilage do? | it is the prototype cartilage and the most common form
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| What does hyaline cartilage form? | the support rings in the trachea and bronchi, parts of the larynx and nose, costal cartilages connecting ribs to the sternum and articular cartilages at the ends of bones in movable joints
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| What does hylaine cartilage look like under a microscope? | pale pinkish purple Swiss cheese with darker dots in the holes
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| Elastic cartilage is found where? | forms parts of the external ear, larynx, epiglottis and Eustachian tubes connecting the middle ear and pharynx
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| What does elastic cartilage look like under a microscope? | darkly stained with more cells and less matrix
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| What are bone depositing cells called? | osteoblasts
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| What are Haversain systems? | numerous circular areas with black centers in bone
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| What are the black, sometimes clear, central spots called in Haversian systems and what are they for? | Haversian canals which are blood vessels in the bone run longitudinally
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| What are the canals that intersect the Haversain canals called and what are they for? | Volkmann's (or perforating) canals and they are blood vessels and nerves that penterate the bone
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| What surrounds each Haversain canal? | concentric layers called concentric lamellae
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| What are the lamellae in between Haversain systems called? | interstitial lamellae
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| What surrounds the osteocytes? | lacunae
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| What are the canaliculi? | very fine hair like lines radiating out from each lacunae that contain the cytoplasmic extensions of the osteocytes
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| What three functional forms do osteocytes occur in? | osteoblast - deposit new bone
osteoclast - decompose
osteocyte - maintain
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