The Heart2
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| The two upper chambers of the heart | atria
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| carries blood from the lower body | inferior vena cava
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| carries blood from the head and upper extremities | superior vena cava
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| largest vein that drains the heeart | coronary sinus
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| the right and left rides of the heart are sepreated by an internal call of connective tissue | septum
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| seperates the right and left atria | interatrial septum
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| two lower chambers of the heart | ventricules
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| where is the base of the heart | top of the heart
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| encircles the outside of the heart and seperates the atria from the venticles | sulci
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| when the left heart is to recieve oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body | systematic circulation
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| the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to | pulmonary circulation
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| which part of the heart is a high pressure pump? | left side
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| addictional contribution of 30% blood resulting from atrial contraction | Atrial kick
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| the amount of blood ejected from the venticle with each heartbeat. | stroke volume
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| the percent of blood pumped out of a heart chamber with each contraction. normal is 50% | ejection fraction
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| is a thin smooth layer of epithelium and connective tissue that lines the hearts inner chamber valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. | Endocardium
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| is a thick layer that consists of cardiac muscle fibers (cells) responsible for the pumping action of the heart | myocardium
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| is a double-walled sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection | pericardium
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| life threatening condidtion | cardiac tamponade
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| a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pericardial space and the excess fluid is sucked out (aspirated) through the needle | pericardiocentesis
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| a membrane that covers smooth, stirated, and cardiac muscles | sarcolema
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| energy -producing elements of a cell | mitochondria
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| substances in intracardiac cells pass through broken cell membranes and leak into the blood stream | MI (myocardial infraction_
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| cardiac markers | tropin, creatine kinase, and myoglobin
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| seperate the atria from the ventricles | antriventricular valves
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| has two cusps, it lies between the left atrium and left venticle | mitral valves
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| is the av valve that lies between the right strium and right ventricle (3 seperate cusps or flaps) | tricuspid valve
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| are thin strands of connective tissues | chordae tendinae
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| they are the pulmonic and aortic valves, that prevent back flow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles | semilunar valves (sl)
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| if a valve narrows, stiffens or thckens, the valve is said to be stenosed. the heart must work harder to pump blood through the stenosed valve | valvular stenosis
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| if a valve flap inverts it is said to prolaps | valvular prolapse
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| when does a heart sound occur? | because of vibrations in the tissues of the heart caused by the closing of the heats valve
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| what are normal heart sounds called? | s1 and s2
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| name the 1st heart sound | "lubb"
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| name the 2nd heart sound | "dubb"
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| what is an abnormal heart sound called? |
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