basic ideas
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| Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose or glycogen to | Organic acid
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| Does glycolysis use O2? | No - anaerobic
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| When O2 is present what can be catabolized in the Krebs cycle and complete the aerobic pathway to generate more ATP? | Pyruvic acid
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| If the cell does not have enough O2, what accumulates in the cell and eventually inhibits glycolysis and the na+/K+ pumps? | Lactic acid
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| If lactic acid diffuses into the ECF what does it cause? | discomfort and psychological fatigue
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| The amt. of O2 needed to convert the lactic acid back to pyruvate is called the | O2 debt
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| T/F muscle cells can produce ATP through glycolysis without O2 for only a short time | True
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| What happens if the muscle cell is without O2 for a long time? | Lactic Acid increases
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| T/F Muscles have glycogen stores to provide a fast source of glucose when needed. | True
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| Creatine phosphate Hydrolysis produces ATP in 1 step? T/F | True
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| What are the 3 metabolic pathways for regenerating ATP? | Creatine Phosphate HyrolysisGlycolysisOxidative Phosphorylation
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| ADP + Pi = | ATP
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| Does creatine phosphate hydrolysis require O2? | No
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| Creatine Phosphate is hydrolyzed to release a phosphate which is added to ADP to make ATP. T/F | True
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| Oxidative Phosphorylation produces ATP via the ____ ____ ____ in the ________ | Electronic Transport chainmitochondria
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| Does Oxidative Phosphorylation require O2? | Yes
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| Can the Krebs cycle and ETC work without oxidative phosphorylation? | No
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| Oxidative phosphorylation can produce MUCH MORE ATP than the glycolysis and creatine phosphate hydrolysis and produce ATP for a MUCH LONGER TIME. T/F | True
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| What is the the resistance to fatigue, or the ability of muscle cells to contract for long periods of time? | Endurance
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| Endurance uses _______ to produce large amounts of ATP for long periods of time. | Oxidative phosphorylation.
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| Cells with good endurance must have good O2 supplies? T/F | True
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| Muscle cells with the best endurance are called slow or fast twitch | slow twitch or slow oxidative fibers
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| slow twitch / slow oxidative fibers are what color and are they thin or thick? | Red, and thin.
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| What has a higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin and "grabs" the O2 from the Hemoglobin, releases the O2 to the muscle cell when needed, and is red in color? | Myoglobin
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| Muscle cells with good endurance usually have these characteristics. (3) | Myoglobin, Extra capillaries, High # of mitochondria.
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| These deliver the neccessary O2 and glucose/nutients to allow the cell to keep making ATP | Capillaries
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| Mitochondria helps with enduracne adn fatigue? T/F | True
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| What is the ability of muscle cells to contract with great force? | Power
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| Cells with more power tend to have more creatine phospate, more bulk of myosin and actin filaments, and a stronger cross bridge activity. T/F | true
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| Powerful muscles are also called what? | fast twitch / fast glycolytic
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| Powerful/fast twitch muscles have less endurance. T/F | True
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| Do fast twitch muscles have large or small glycogen stores? | Large
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| Do power / fast twitch muscles have less or more blood supply? | Less
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| Do power muscles have less or more myoglobin? and What color are they? | Less and white
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| Do power muscles contract slower or faster | faster
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| Fast twitch muscles have thick or thin fibers? | Thick
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| What are activities which develop maximum endurance or maximum power or a desired balance of power and endurance in muscles? | Conditioning or Training
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| Which steroid enhance the development of power and bulk in muscle cells. | Testosterone
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| Intermediate fibers have "in between" characteristics? T/F | True
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| Cardiac muscle can also be conditioned? T/F | True
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| What is another name for a Slow twitch muscle fiber? | Slow Oxidative
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| what is another name for an intermediate twitch muscle fiber? | Fast oxidative
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| What is another name for a fast twitch muscle fiber? | Fast Glycolytic
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| The name of the slow, intermediate, and fast muscle fiber is the same as the contraction speed? T/F | True
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| The pathway to make ATP is the same for both Slow and Intermediate twitch muscle fibers? T/F | True - both are aerobic
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| The pathway to make ATP in the fast twitch muscle fiber is anaerobic. T/F | True - Anaerobic
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| Mitochondria in slow and intermediate twitch muscle fibers are high in number. T/F | True - high mitochondria in slow and interm. twitch
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| Mitochondria in fast twitch muscle fibers are low in number. T/F | True - low mitochondria in fast twitch
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| Myoglobin content is high in slow and intermediate twitch muscle fibers? T/F | True - high Myoglobin in slow and interm.
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| Myoglobin content is low in fast twitch muscle fibers? T/F | True
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| glycogen stores are low for slow twitch, intermediate for intermediate twitch and high for fast twitch muscle fibers. T/F | True - (it almost matches thier name)
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| Rate of fatigue matches the muscle twitch names. T/F | True
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| Color of the slow, intermediate, and fast twitch muscle fibers are? | slow- redintermediate - pink-redfast - whitebecause of the myoglobin
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| Fiber diameter matches each muscle twitch name? T/F | True slow-small intermediate-intermediate fast-large
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| capillary supply in the slow and intermediate twitch muscle fiber is many. T/F | True
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| Capillary supply in the fast twitch muscle fiber is few. T/F | True
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