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Muscle physiology
basic ideas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose or glycogen to | Organic acid |
| Does glycolysis use O2? | No - anaerobic |
| When O2 is present what can be catabolized in the Krebs cycle and complete the aerobic pathway to generate more ATP? | Pyruvic acid |
| If the cell does not have enough O2, what accumulates in the cell and eventually inhibits glycolysis and the na+/K+ pumps? | Lactic acid |
| If lactic acid diffuses into the ECF what does it cause? | discomfort and psychological fatigue |
| The amt. of O2 needed to convert the lactic acid back to pyruvate is called the | O2 debt |
| T/F muscle cells can produce ATP through glycolysis without O2 for only a short time | True |
| What happens if the muscle cell is without O2 for a long time? | Lactic Acid increases |
| T/F Muscles have glycogen stores to provide a fast source of glucose when needed. | True |
| Creatine phosphate Hydrolysis produces ATP in 1 step? T/F | True |
| What are the 3 metabolic pathways for regenerating ATP? | Creatine Phosphate HyrolysisGlycolysisOxidative Phosphorylation |
| ADP + Pi = | ATP |
| Does creatine phosphate hydrolysis require O2? | No |
| Creatine Phosphate is hydrolyzed to release a phosphate which is added to ADP to make ATP. T/F | True |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation produces ATP via the ____ ____ ____ in the ________ | Electronic Transport chainmitochondria |
| Does Oxidative Phosphorylation require O2? | Yes |
| Can the Krebs cycle and ETC work without oxidative phosphorylation? | No |
| Oxidative phosphorylation can produce MUCH MORE ATP than the glycolysis and creatine phosphate hydrolysis and produce ATP for a MUCH LONGER TIME. T/F | True |
| What is the the resistance to fatigue, or the ability of muscle cells to contract for long periods of time? | Endurance |
| Endurance uses _______ to produce large amounts of ATP for long periods of time. | Oxidative phosphorylation. |
| Cells with good endurance must have good O2 supplies? T/F | True |
| Muscle cells with the best endurance are called slow or fast twitch | slow twitch or slow oxidative fibers |
| slow twitch / slow oxidative fibers are what color and are they thin or thick? | Red, and thin. |
| What has a higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin and "grabs" the O2 from the Hemoglobin, releases the O2 to the muscle cell when needed, and is red in color? | Myoglobin |
| Muscle cells with good endurance usually have these characteristics. (3) | Myoglobin, Extra capillaries, High # of mitochondria. |
| These deliver the neccessary O2 and glucose/nutients to allow the cell to keep making ATP | Capillaries |
| Mitochondria helps with enduracne adn fatigue? T/F | True |
| What is the ability of muscle cells to contract with great force? | Power |
| Cells with more power tend to have more creatine phospate, more bulk of myosin and actin filaments, and a stronger cross bridge activity. T/F | true |
| Powerful muscles are also called what? | fast twitch / fast glycolytic |
| Powerful/fast twitch muscles have less endurance. T/F | True |
| Do fast twitch muscles have large or small glycogen stores? | Large |
| Do power / fast twitch muscles have less or more blood supply? | Less |
| Do power muscles have less or more myoglobin? and What color are they? | Less and white |
| Do power muscles contract slower or faster | faster |
| Fast twitch muscles have thick or thin fibers? | Thick |
| What are activities which develop maximum endurance or maximum power or a desired balance of power and endurance in muscles? | Conditioning or Training |
| Which steroid enhance the development of power and bulk in muscle cells. | Testosterone |
| Intermediate fibers have "in between" characteristics? T/F | True |
| Cardiac muscle can also be conditioned? T/F | True |
| What is another name for a Slow twitch muscle fiber? | Slow Oxidative |
| what is another name for an intermediate twitch muscle fiber? | Fast oxidative |
| What is another name for a fast twitch muscle fiber? | Fast Glycolytic |
| The name of the slow, intermediate, and fast muscle fiber is the same as the contraction speed? T/F | True |
| The pathway to make ATP is the same for both Slow and Intermediate twitch muscle fibers? T/F | True - both are aerobic |
| The pathway to make ATP in the fast twitch muscle fiber is anaerobic. T/F | True - Anaerobic |
| Mitochondria in slow and intermediate twitch muscle fibers are high in number. T/F | True - high mitochondria in slow and interm. twitch |
| Mitochondria in fast twitch muscle fibers are low in number. T/F | True - low mitochondria in fast twitch |
| Myoglobin content is high in slow and intermediate twitch muscle fibers? T/F | True - high Myoglobin in slow and interm. |
| Myoglobin content is low in fast twitch muscle fibers? T/F | True |
| glycogen stores are low for slow twitch, intermediate for intermediate twitch and high for fast twitch muscle fibers. T/F | True - (it almost matches thier name) |
| Rate of fatigue matches the muscle twitch names. T/F | True |
| Color of the slow, intermediate, and fast twitch muscle fibers are? | slow- redintermediate - pink-redfast - whitebecause of the myoglobin |
| Fiber diameter matches each muscle twitch name? T/F | True slow-small intermediate-intermediate fast-large |
| capillary supply in the slow and intermediate twitch muscle fiber is many. T/F | True |
| Capillary supply in the fast twitch muscle fiber is few. T/F | True |
Created by:
blackd254
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