MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Laboratory tests and diagnostics
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| Blood | Antithyroglobulin antibodies tests | show | a positive result indicates the patient has Hashimoto
thyroiditis or Graves disease.
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| Blood | show | Test that measures the level of calcium in the blood | can reveal
whether the parathyroid gland is secreting a normal amount of
parathyroid hormone.
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| Blood | show | Test that measures the amount of cortisol in the blood to determine if the adrenal cortex is working | also indirectly determines whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting ACTH
to stimulate the adrenal cortex.
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| Blood | Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Test that measures the blood glucose level after a patient has fasted for at least 12 hours. | show 🗑
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| Blood | FSH assay and LH assay | Test that measures levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. | show 🗑
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| show | Glucose self- testing | Procedure in which patients measure their own blood glucose level one or more times each day to ensure it is maintained within normal range. |
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| show | Glucose tolerance test (GTT) | Test in which a blood specimen is drawn after the patient fasts for 12 hours, then once every hour for 4 hours after the patient consumes a glucose drink. | • Usually, blood glucose is elevated at first but returns to a
normal level in 1 to 2 hours.
• A continuing elevated blood glucose indicates diabetes
mellitus.
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| Blood | Growth hormone test | show |
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| Blood | Hemoglobin A1c test | Test that measures the A1c fraction of hemoglobin in a diabetic patient’s red blood cells | show 🗑
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| show | Testosterone test | Test that measures levels of total testosterone and free testosterone in a man’s blood to determine if the testes are secreting a normal amount. | • Also indirectly determines if the anterior pituitary gland is
secreting enough luteinizing hormone.
• Done as part of an infertility workup.
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| Blood | show | Test that measures blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH. | • T3 and T4 levels -->if thyroid is functioning correctly.
• TSH level --> if anterior pituitary gland is functioning correctly.
• Values from these tests can be used to calculate the patient’s
free thyroxine index (FTI or T7).
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| Urine | ADH stimulation test | Test that measures urine concentration to determine if the posterior pituitary gland is secreting a normal amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | show 🗑
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| Urine | Estradiol test | Test that measures the level of estradiol in a woman’s urine to determine if the ovaries are secreting normal amounts of this hormone. | show 🗑
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| show | Urine dipstick test | Test that measures glucose, ketones, and other substances in the urine | used to evaluate patients with diabetes.
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| Urine | Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test | show | • Requires a 24-hour urine sample.
• Results help reveal whether the adrenal medulla is functioning
correctly.
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