MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Laboratory tests and diagnostics
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show | Antithyroglobulin antibodies tests | Test that detects antibodies against thyroglobulin, a precursor to T3 and T4 | a positive result indicates the patient has Hashimoto
thyroiditis or Graves disease.
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show | Calcium test | Test that measures the level of calcium in the blood | can reveal
whether the parathyroid gland is secreting a normal amount of
parathyroid hormone.
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Blood | Cortisol level test | show | also indirectly determines whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting ACTH
to stimulate the adrenal cortex.
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show | Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Test that measures the blood glucose level after a patient has fasted for at least 12 hours. | • Results indicate whether the pancreas is secreting a normal amount
of insulin.
• Also called a fasting blood glucose (FBG).
• Is the initial screening test for diabetes mellitus.
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Blood | show | Test that measures levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. | • Results indicate whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting
normal amounts of these hormones.
• Included in male and female infertility workups.
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Blood | Glucose self- testing | Procedure in which patients measure their own blood glucose level one or more times each day to ensure it is maintained within normal range. | show 🗑
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Blood | Glucose tolerance test (GTT) | Test in which a blood specimen is drawn after the patient fasts for 12 hours, then once every hour for 4 hours after the patient consumes a glucose drink. | show 🗑
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Blood | Growth hormone test | Test that measures the level of growth hormone in the blood to determine whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting a normal amount. | show 🗑
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show | Hemoglobin A1c test | Test that measures the A1c fraction of hemoglobin in a diabetic patient’s red blood cells | higher levels indicate poor blood glucose control during the past several months.
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Blood | show | Test that measures levels of total testosterone and free testosterone in a man’s blood to determine if the testes are secreting a normal amount. | • Also indirectly determines if the anterior pituitary gland is
secreting enough luteinizing hormone.
• Done as part of an infertility workup.
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show | Thyroid function tests (TFTs) | Test that measures blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH. | • T3 and T4 levels -->if thyroid is functioning correctly.
• TSH level --> if anterior pituitary gland is functioning correctly.
• Values from these tests can be used to calculate the patient’s
free thyroxine index (FTI or T7).
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Urine | ADH stimulation test | show | • Patient provides a urine specimen after not drinking for 12 hours, then receives ADH and water and provides a second urine specimen.
• If the patient has diabetes insipidus, the second specimen will be more concentrated.
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Urine | show | Test that measures the level of estradiol in a woman’s urine to determine if the ovaries are secreting normal amounts of this hormone. | • Also indirectly evaluates whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting adequate FSH.
• Done as part of an infertility workup.
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Urine | show | Test that measures glucose, ketones, and other substances in the urine | used to evaluate patients with diabetes.
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Urine | show | Test that measures levels of VMA, a byproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine. | • Requires a 24-hour urine sample.
• Results help reveal whether the adrenal medulla is functioning
correctly.
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