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MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Laboratory tests and diagnostics

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Type of test
Term
Defintion
Note
show Antithyroglobulin antibodies tests   Test that detects antibodies against thyroglobulin, a precursor to T3 and T4   a positive result indicates the patient has Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease.  
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show Calcium test   Test that measures the level of calcium in the blood   can reveal whether the parathyroid gland is secreting a normal amount of parathyroid hormone.  
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Blood   Cortisol level test   show also indirectly determines whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting ACTH to stimulate the adrenal cortex.  
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show Fasting blood sugar (FBS)   Test that measures the blood glucose level after a patient has fasted for at least 12 hours.   • Results indicate whether the pancreas is secreting a normal amount of insulin. • Also called a fasting blood glucose (FBG). • Is the initial screening test for diabetes mellitus.  
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Blood   show Test that measures levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.   • Results indicate whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting normal amounts of these hormones. • Included in male and female infertility workups.  
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Blood   Glucose self- testing   Procedure in which patients measure their own blood glucose level one or more times each day to ensure it is maintained within normal range.   show
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Blood   Glucose tolerance test (GTT)   Test in which a blood specimen is drawn after the patient fasts for 12 hours, then once every hour for 4 hours after the patient consumes a glucose drink.   show
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Blood   Growth hormone test   Test that measures the level of growth hormone in the blood to determine whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting a normal amount.   show
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show Hemoglobin A1c test   Test that measures the A1c fraction of hemoglobin in a diabetic patient’s red blood cells   higher levels indicate poor blood glucose control during the past several months.  
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Blood   show Test that measures levels of total testosterone and free testosterone in a man’s blood to determine if the testes are secreting a normal amount.   • Also indirectly determines if the anterior pituitary gland is secreting enough luteinizing hormone. • Done as part of an infertility workup.  
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show Thyroid function tests (TFTs)   Test that measures blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH.   • T3 and T4 levels -->if thyroid is functioning correctly. • TSH level --> if anterior pituitary gland is functioning correctly. • Values from these tests can be used to calculate the patient’s free thyroxine index (FTI or T7).  
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Urine   ADH stimulation test   show • Patient provides a urine specimen after not drinking for 12 hours, then receives ADH and water and provides a second urine specimen. • If the patient has diabetes insipidus, the second specimen will be more concentrated.  
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Urine   show Test that measures the level of estradiol in a woman’s urine to determine if the ovaries are secreting normal amounts of this hormone.   • Also indirectly evaluates whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting adequate FSH. • Done as part of an infertility workup.  
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Urine   show Test that measures glucose, ketones, and other substances in the urine   used to evaluate patients with diabetes.  
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Urine   show Test that measures levels of VMA, a byproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine.   • Requires a 24-hour urine sample. • Results help reveal whether the adrenal medulla is functioning correctly.  
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