[MA1] The Circulatory System [Tier 02] - Disease and Disorders
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| anemia | condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues.
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| iron deficiency anemia | lack of red blood cells caused by insufficient iron which is necessary for the body to make red blood cells.
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| aplastic anemia | a condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough red blood cells.
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| blood loss anemia | when excessive bleeding results in loss of more red blood cells than are created
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| aneurysm | the ballooning out of the wall of an artery, often associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension
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| cerebral aneurysm | a weak or thin spot on an artery in the brain that balloons or bulges out and fills with blood.
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| thoracic aortic aneurysm | a weakened area in the upper part of the aorta
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| abdominal aortic aneurysm | a bulge or swelling in the lower part of the aorta at the level of the abdomen
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| angina | a heart condition that causes severe chest pain that radiates down the inner surface fo the left arm.
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| cardiac arrest | the complete and sudden cessation of heart action
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| arrhythmia | a term used to identify any abnormal changes in the heart rhythm
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| arteriosclerosis | the hardening of the arteries and arterioles due to a gradual replacement of muscular and elastic tissue with fibrous and calcified tissue
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| atherosclerosis | characterized by the deposit of fatty material along the linings of the arteries
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| athletic heart syndrome | a series of cardiac changes resulting from strenuous exercise
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| carditis | inflammation of the heart; usually used with one of three prefixes that define the portion of the heart that is involved
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| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium, the fibroserous tissue sac that covers the heart
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| myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium, the muscle layer of the heart
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| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardial lining, heart valves, tissue adjoining artificial valves or blood vessel linings
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| cerebrovascular accident | a stroke; the sudden impairment of the flow of blood to the brain
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| congestive heart failure | a group of cardiac dysfunction resulting from poor performance of the heart with related congestion of the circulatory system
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| left-sided heart failure | when the left ventricle of the heart no longer pumps enough blood around the body resulting in blood building up in the pulmonary veins.
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| right-sided heart failure | when the right side of the heart no longer pumps enough blood to the lung; also called "cor pulmonale" or pulmonary heart disease
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| coronary artery disease | disease of the arteries within the myocardium that surround the heart, who are responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients.
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| embolism | foreign matter that enters and circulates in the bloodstream
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| heart failure | a condition in which the heart pumps too weakly to supply the body with blood; prevalent among the older population
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| hypertension | blood pressure remains consistently elevated above 140-90
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| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | a disease in which the walls of the ventricles of the heart are markedly thickened, sometimes three times their normal width, impeding
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| hypotension | blood pressure below the normal range
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| leukemia | a form of blood cancer in which white blood cells may become malignant and multiply inside the bone marrow or lymphatic tissue
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| murmur | abnormal sound of blood flowing through a heart valve that can be heard with a stethoscope
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| myocardial infarction | a complication of a coronary artery disease that results from occlusion of an artery causing tissue death
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| phlebitis | localized inflammation of a vein causing an alteration in the epithelial lining, which predisposes to the formation of a thrombus
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| sickle cell anemia | a genetic condition causing red blood cells to change shape and become sticky, stiff and to potentially obstruct blood flow resulting in clots and cell death.
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| stasis ulcer | a secondary condition resulting from chronic venous insufficiency
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| thrombophlebitis | an acute condition in which the lining of the vein wall becomes inflamed and a thrombus forms
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| varicosities | veins that become dilated, twisted and inefficient resulting from weakness of the valves in the saphenous vein and its branches
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