Dermatology
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| thin sheet squamous epithelial cells, several layers thick | epidermis
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| epidermis is constantly renewed as | deepest layer grows out to replace surface cells
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| provides mechanical toughness for epidermis | keratin
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| imparts skin to characteristic color | melanin
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| tough layer connective tissue containing blood vessels, sensory nerves, hair follicles & sebaceous/sweat glands | dermis
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| protects body surface & provides thermal insulation | hair
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| localized zone of inflammation due to staphylococcal infection, pus forms in tissue space walled off from surrounding tissues by fibrous, coagulated tissue fluids & eventually fibrous tissue | abscess
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| local/widespread loss of scalp hair | alopecia
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| ripping/tearing away of a part | avulsion
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| inflammation of one/both eyelids | blepharitis
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| fluid-filled epidermal sac larger than a vesicle | bulla
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| a bulla can also be referred to as | blister
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| spreading lesion made up of furuncles communicating by subcutaneous passages | carbuncle
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| infection occurring in soft tissues, incl skin, cardinal features diffuse/spreading tissue swelling, redness, pain & fever | cellulitis
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| cellulitis is often caused by | streptococci
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| zone fibrous tissue at site of healed injury/inflammatory/destructive lesion extending into dermis | cicatrix
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| cicatrix is also referred to as | scar
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| nard, friable, irregular layer dried blood, serum, pus, tissue debris/any combination adherent at surface of injured/inflamed skin | crust
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| crust is also referred to as | scab
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| cryosurgical instrument containing circulating refrigerant, which can rapidly chill to deliver subfreezing temp to tissues | cryoprobe
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| inflammation of skin | dermatitis
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| gen term for any abnormal condition of skin, usually excluding inflammatory conditions | dermatosis
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| property of abnormally sensitive skin by which strokes/writing w/pointed object are reproduced on skin surface as raised red lines | dermatographism
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| consisting of small, flat plaques | discoid
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| surface defect in epidermis produced by rubbing/scratching | erosion
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| crust that forms on a burn | eschar
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| increase in severity of disease, particularly when occurring over period of remission | exacerbation
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| abrasion of epidermal surface by scratching | excoriation
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| linear defect/crack in continuity of epidermis | fissure
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| crumbly, fragmented, or bleeding easily on touch/manipulation | friable
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| friable is said usually of | diseased tissue
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| deep, solitary abscess | furuncle
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| overgrown, usually as result of increase in size of cells | hypertrophic
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| firm, nodular, irregular, often pigmented mass of fibrous tissue representing hypertrophic scar | keloid
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| thickening, coarsening, & pigment change of skin due to chronic irritation, usually scratching | lichenification
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| flat patch/mark differing in color from surrounding skin | macule
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| pertaining to or situated on cheeks | nevus
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| hidden/not obvious, sometimes able to be inferred from indirect evidence | occult
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| small elevated zone of skin | papule
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| small depression in skin resulting from local atrophy/scarring after trauma/inflammation | pit
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| pertaining to sole of feet | plantar
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| itching | pruritus/pruritic
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| gen term for any purulent infection of skin | pyoderma
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| pus-forming | purulent
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| flake of epidermis shed from skin surface | scale
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| enlargement & deformity of external nose | rhinophyma
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| rhinophyma usually occurs as result of | rosacea
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| pertaining to telangiectasia | telangiectatic
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| permanent dilation of small blood vessels, visible through skin/mucous surface | telangiectatic
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| cutaneous defect extending into dermis | ulcer
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| animal that transmits a pathogenic organism from one host to another | vector
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| small thin-walled sac containing clear fluid | vesicle
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| wheals are characteristic lesions of | hives
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| small zone of edema in skin, which may be red/white; typically multiple & appear/disappear abruptly | wheal (weal, welt)
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| athlete's foot is the lay term for | tinea pedis
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| baldness is the lay term for | alopecia
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| bruise is the lay term for | contusion
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| blackhead is the lay term for | comedo
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| blister is the lay term for | vesicle
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| hives is the lay term for | urticaria/wheals
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| wrinkles is the lay term for | rhytids
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| zit is the lay term for | pustule (acne)
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| local/general eruptions/rashes, itching, dryness/scaling, pigment changes & solid tumors of various kinds | most common skin complaints
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| disorders of hair (abnormal appearance of hair, excessive hair, hair loss) & nails (deformity, discoloration) are also part of | dermatological history
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| type, #, grouping, location of lesions; comb features occurring together; signs of evolutionary chng, 2ndary infection, effect of treatment; presence of assoc symptoms | factor considered for cutaneous diagnosis
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| during exam of skin examiner palpates any area that appears abnormal & observes its | temp, texture, tenseness/laxness, moistness/dryness & tenderness/crepitation
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| degree to which tissue spaces are filled w/extracellular fluid, especially skin & subcutaneous spaces | turgor
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| maintains a triangular or tent like appearance when gently pinched; indicative of dehydration | tenting
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| glass/plastic plate pressed against skin permitting observation changes produced in underlying areas after blood vessels emptied & skin is blanched | diascope
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| fading of redness on pressure indicates redness is probably due to dilatation of skin capillaries | blanching
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| redness due to hemorrhage/abnormal pigment will not fade on | pressure
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| chronic pruritic condition of skin | atopic dermatitis
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| atopic dermatitis is also referred to as | eczema
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| dermatitis resulting from contact with an irritant/allergen | contact dermatitis
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| spreading bacterial infection of skin causing itching & crusted sores | impetigo
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| cause of impetigo can be | staphylococci, sometimes streptococci
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| refers to development of impetigo in area of skin already damaged by noninfectious dermatitis | impetiginization
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| most patient have personal/family history of allergy; exacerbated by irritants, emotional stress | cause of atopic dermatitis
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| superficial fungal infection of skin | tinea corporis, tinea circinata, ringworm of body
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| fungi of genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum, & Trichophyton are | causes tinea corporis, tinea circinata, ringworm of body
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| occurs on area remote from site of infection, usually hands, wrists/sides of fingers | dermatophytid
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| localized/generalized, sterile 2ndary skin eruption occurring in sensitized patients as result of circulation of allergenic products from primary site of infection | id reaction
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| ringworm of scalp; infected hairs break off at scalp surface, leaving patches often with black dots representing roots of broken-off hairs | tinea capitis
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| complication with boggy edema & exudation of pus through hair follicle openings | kerion
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| erythema, itching, scaling, fissuring, maceration & vesicle formation of varying degree, particularly btwn toes | caused by tinea pedis
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| jock itch; similar infection to tinea pedis but in groin region | tinea cruris
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| consists of variable #s of white to tan macules with very fine scales | tinea versicolor
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| tinea versicolor is caused by | Malassezia furfur
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| fungal disease of the nails; nails become opaque, white, thickened, & friable | onychomycosis
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| starting w/white patches/pits on nail surface/around margins & sometimes spreading beneath nail plate | tinea unguium
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| infection of skin & mucous membranes w/yeastlike fungus | candidiasis
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| local viral infection of skin/mucous membranes causing vesicular lesions, typically recurrent | herpes simplex
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| virally induced coarse papules of skin & mucous membranes | warts/verrucae
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| chronic eruption of comedones, papules, pustules & cysts occurring primarily in adolescence | acne vulgaris
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| reddish facial eruption occurring in middle-aged & elderly | acne rosacea
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| acute, often transitory eruption of intensely itchy papules/wheals | urticaria (hives)
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| chronic skin disorder characterized by scaly plaques | psoriasis
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| mild, benign, self-limited scaly eruption | pityriasis rosea
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| slowly, growing, waxy or pearly papule w/telangiectatic vessels, appearing usually on parts exposed to sunlight, especially face | basal cell carcinoma
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| hard red nodule appearing on sun-exposed skin, usually in middle-aged/elderly | squamous cell carcinoma
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| pigmented malignancy of skin, progresses rapidly. metastasizes widely & fatal w/out treatment | melanoma
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| caused by contact of skin/mucous membrane w/hot objects, liquids or vapors | thermal burns
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| redness of skin surface w/out blistering | 1st degree burns
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| redness & blistering of skin | 2nd degree burns
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| redness, blistering & charring | 3rd degree burns
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| total removal of part, normal/abnormal, by surgical/chemical means | ablation
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| complete excision/removal of some adjacent normal-appearing tissue also removed for comparison skin lesion; | biopsy, excisional
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| partial removal of lesion by making incision into lesion & removing section; some adjacent normal-appearing tissue also removed for comparison | biopsy, incisional
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| removal of one section of lesion using sharp surgical instrument | biopsy, punch
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| removal of all/part skin lesion; tissue sent to path lab for histologic diagnosis & determine if malignant | biopsy, skin
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| abbreviation for biopsy | bx
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| application of liquid nitrogen, at temp -196degrees C, to destroy superficial skin lesions | cryosurgery
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| local treatment of neoplasms or other lesions by freezing | cryotherapy
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| successive scraping away of dead skin down to viable tissue that bleeds, especially for burns | debridement
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| application of electrical current to destroy superficial skin lesions | fulguration
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| desiccates tissue by dehydration, using electrical current/fulguration | electrodesiccation
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| section of skin transplanted to area of body | graft
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| skin test in which antigen is injected below skin & resulting reaction is evaluated | intradermal test
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| application of filter paper containing allergen to skin of sensitive patient 24-48hrs | patch test
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| surgery concerned with restoration, reconstruction, correction/improvement in shape/appearance of body structures that are defective, damaged/misshapen by injury, disease/anomalous growth & development | plastic surgery
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| 1/more small scratches/superficial cuts made in skin; minute amount of substance to be tested inserted in scratches & allowed to remain there for short time | scratch test
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| ultraviolet lamp w/filter that selects wavelengths under which fungi infecting skin/hair fluoresce bright | Wood light
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| may identify underlying, perhaps systemic, conditions/provide addt'l info about skin disorder | blood studies
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| exudate, pus, crusts, or scrapings for bacteria, fungi, or viruses | culture
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| identify fungal material, mites of scabies, & distinctive kinds of scales | microscopic exam of scrapings from skin
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| skin scrapings are usually treated with ____ & heat which partially/completely dissolve human tissue but leave fungal elements unchanged | potassium hydroxide KOH
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| used to remove oil & dead skin | keratolytic action
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| closes up pores | astringent action
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| inhibits growth of skin bacteria | antiseptic action
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| kills skin bacteria | antibiotic action
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| may be prescribed orally for systemic treatment of acne vulgaris | tetracycline
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| severe cystic acne that is unresponsive to antibiotic treatment may be treated with | Retin-A or Accutane
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| form of vitamin A, as tretinoin, cause epithelial to multiply rapidly preventing pore blockage/infection, decreasing cyst formation | Retin-A
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| isotretinoin, used systemically, causes epithelial to multiply rapidly preventing pore blockage/infection, decreasing cyst formation | Accutane
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| decreases rate of epidermal cell prod, correct abnormalities of keratinocytes, cleanses away dead skin & decrease itching | psoriasis treatment with coal tar lotions, gels, shampoos & bath liquids
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| synthetic vitamin D, calcipotriene, applied topically to activate Vitamin D receptors in keratinocytes & slow abnormal cell growth | Dovonex
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| drug sensitizes skin to effects of ultraviolet light, damaging cell DNA & decreasing rate of cell division for severe psoriasis | psoralens
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| psoralens are a combination of | Oxsoralen-Ultra & 8-MOP (methoxsalen)
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| PUVA | psoralen/ultraviolet wavelength A
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| combination therapy of methoxsalen & ultraviolet light | PUVA
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| over-the-counter & prescription forms used to relieve contact dermatitis, poison ivy, & insect bites | topical corticosteroids
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| topical corticosteroids are also used to treat conditions including | psoriasis, seborrhea & eczema
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| used to treat minor, superficial bacterial infections by inhibiting growth of/kill bacteria by blocking ability to maintain cell wall | topical antibiotics
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| topical antibiotics are manufactured as | gels, lotions, creams, & sprays
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| treat tinea & onychomycosis by altering cell wall of fungus & disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death | topical antifungal drugs
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| topical antifungal drugs are manufactured in | cream, ointment, lotion & shampoo forms
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| Desenex, Micatin, Monistat-Derm, Aftate & Tinactin are all | over-the-counter topical antifungal drugs
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| oral drugs such as griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole & terbinafine are used to treat | severe topical fungal skin infections
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| topical corticosteroids inhibit | inflammation & itching
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| antihistamines inhibit | inflammation, redness & itching
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| applied topically to relieve itching, redness & inflammation; combination of topical corticosteroids & antihistamines | antipruritics
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