The respiratory system- Pulmonology
Help!
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| Root and definition of Adenoid | adenoid/o
"gland" + "oid" = resembling a gland
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| Root and Definition of Trachea | trache/o
"windpipe"- from greek word "rough" because of the bumpy ridges that line the outside of the trachea
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| Root and definition of tonsil | tonsill/o
tonsil comes from latin word "almond"
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| Root of Nose | naso/o, rhin/o
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| Root and definition of Larynx | laryng/o
voice box
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| Root and definition of Pharynx | pharyng/o
throat
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| Root and definition of Septum (plural=septa) | sept/o
comes from latin word meaning "partition" or "dividing structure"; can refer to any wall dividing 2 cavities
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| Root for air or lungs | Pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
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| Root for lungs | Pulmon/o
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| Root and definition of Sinus | sin/o, sinus/o
From latin word meaning "hollow" or "cavity"; sinus refers generally to any hollow area- specifically those in bones
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| Root and definition of Lobe | lob/o
well-defined portion of any organ; main organs that have lobes are the brain, lungs, and liver
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| Root and definition of Bronchus | bronch/o, bronchi/o
Main branches from the trachea into each lung
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| Root and definition of Sternum | stern/o
breast bone
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| Root and definition of Alveolus | alveol/o
Air sac; air sacs in the lungs (pulmonary alveoli), or sockets in the jaw from which teeth emerge (dental alveoli). Bump behind teeth = alveolar ridge
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| Root of and definition of Ribs | cost/o
3 categories; true, false, floating. Top seven ribs = true; attach to both spine and sternum. Next 3 = false, connect to spine and lowest true rib instead of sternum. Lowest 2 ribs = floating, they attach to only the spine
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| Root of chest | Thorac/o, pector/o (pectus), steth/o
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| Root of Diaphragm | phren/o
Can also refer to brain (Greek's believed the chest was the seat of emotion and reason)
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| Root and definition of Pleura | pleur/o
Membrane surrounding the lungs
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| Root of Oxygen | ox/o
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| Root and Suffix for Breathing | spir/o, -pnea
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| Root for Carbon Dioxide | capn/o, carb/o
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| Apnea AP-nee-ah | a= not, pnea= breathing
cessation of breathing
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| Eupnea YOOP-nee-ah | eu=good, pnea= breathing
good/normal breathing
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| Tachypnea ta-KIP-nee-ah | tachy= fast, pnea= breathing
rapid breathing
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| Bradypnea brad-ip-NEE-ah | brady= slow, pnea= breathing
slow breathing
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| Hypopnea hai-POP-nee-ah | hypo= under, pnea= breathing
shallow breathing
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| Hyperpnea hai-perp-NEE-ah | hyper= over, pnea= breathing
heavy breathing
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| Dyspnea disp-NEE-ah | dys= bad, pnea= breathing
difficulty breathing
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| Orthopnea or-thop-NEE-ah | ortho= straight, pnea= breathing
able to breathe only in upright position
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| Hyperventilation hai-per-ven-ti-LAY-shun | hyper= over, ventil= breathing, ation= process
overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia
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| Hypoventilation hai-poh-ven-ti-LAY-shun | hypo= under, ventil= breathing, ation= process
under breathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia
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| Dysphonia dis-FON-ia | dys= bad, phonia= sound/voice
bad voice condition (also known as hoarseness)
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| Epistaxis ep-ee-STAKS-is | a nosebleed
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| Rhinorrhagia rai-no-RAY-jah | rhino= nose, rragia= excessive bleeding
excessive blood flow from the nose (another word for nosebleed)
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| Rhinorrhea rai-no-REE-yah | rhino= nose, rrhea= discharge
runny nose
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| Bronchospasm BRON-ko-spaz-um | broncho= bronchus, spasm= involuntary contraction
involuntary contraction of the bronchus
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| Phrenospasm fre-no-SPAZ-um | phreno= diaphragm, spasm= involuntary contraction
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (also known as hiccups)
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| Pleuralgia plur-AL-jah | pleuro= pleura, algia= pain
pain in the pleura
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| Pleurodynia plur-oh-DIH-nee-ah | pleuro= pleura, dyna= pain
plain in the pleura
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| Thoracalgia thor-a-KAL-jah | thorac= chest, algia= pain
chest pain
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| Bronchorrhea bron-koh-REE-ah | broncho= bronchus, rrhea= discharge
discharge from the bronchi
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| Expectoration eks-pec-tor-A-shun | ex= out, pector= chest, ation= process
coughing or spitting material out of the lungs
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| Hemoptysis heem-op-TIS-sis | hemo= blood, ptysis= cough
coughing up blood
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| Sputum SPYOO-tum | latin for "spit"
mucus discharge from the lungs by coughing
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| Auscultation ah-skul-TAY-shun | from latin word "ausculto" meaning to listen
a health care professional using a stethoscope to listen to a patient's chest
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| Cyanosis sai-an-O-sis | cyan= blue, osis= condition
a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
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| Pectoriloquy pek-tor-IH-low-kwee | pectori= chest, loquy= speak
speaking from the chest; used as means of finding masses in the lung. A dr will listen to a patient's chest& asks the patient to whisper a word. The word will be audible in areas where fluid or a mass is present
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| Pectus carinatum PEK-tus car-ee-NAH-tum | pectus= chest, carinatum= keel
a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship
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| Pectus excavatum PEK-tus eks-cuh-VAH-tum | pectus= chest, ex= out, cavatum= hollowed
a chest that is hollowed out
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| Percussion per-KUH-shun | striking the body surface (in the context, to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest)
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| Retraction reh-TRAK-shun | re=back, trac= drag, ion= process
the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress
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| Atelectasis ah-tel-EK-ta-sis | a= not, tel= complete, ectasis= expansion
Incomplete expansion
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| Bronchiectasis bron-key-EK-ta-sis | bronchi= bronchus, ectasis= expansion
expansion of the bronchi
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| Caseous necrosis KAYZ-ee-us ne-CROW-sis | causeous = cheeselike, necr= death, osis= condition
a death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance
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| Chylothorax kai-low-THOR-aks | chylo= chyle, thorax= chest
Chyle in the chest (Chyle= milky bodily fluid formed in small intestine during digestion of fatty foods and carried through the body via lymph vessels)
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| Empyema em-pie-EE-mah | em= in, py= pus, ema= condition
pus inside the chest
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| Hemothorax heem-o-THOR-aks | hemo= blood, thorax= chest
blood in the chest
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| Phrenoplegia fre-no-PLEE-jah | phreno= diaphragm, plegia= paralysis
paralysis of the diaphragm
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| Phrenoptosis fre-nop-TOE-sis | phreno= diaphragm, ptosis= drooping condition
drooping of the diaphragm
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| Pleural effusion PLUR-al ef-FYOO-zhun | pleur= pleura, al= pertaining to, ex= out, fusion= pour
fluid pouring out of the pleura
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| Pneumohemothorax new-moh-hee-moh-THOR-aks | pneumo= air, hemo= blood, thorax= chest
air and blood in the chest
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| Pneumothorax new-moh-THOR-aks | pneumo= air, thorax= chest
air in the chest
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| Pulmonary edema pul-mon-AIR-ee ah-DEE-ma | pulmon= lung, ary= pertaining to, edema= swelling
Swelling in the lungs
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| Pyothorax pie-oh-THOR-aks | pyo= pus, thorax= chest
Pus in the chest
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| Tracheostenosis tray-kee-oh-sten-OH-sis | tracheo= trachea, stenosis= narrowing
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| Hypercapnia hai-per-CAP-nee-ah | hyper= over, capn= carbon dioxide , ia= condition
excessive carbon dioxide
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| Hypercarbia hai-per-CAR-bee-yah | hyper= over, carb= carbon dioxide, ia= condition
excessive carbon dioxide
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| Hypocapnia hai-po-CAP-nee-yah | hypo= under, capn= carbon dioxide, ia= condition
insufficient carbon dioxide
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| Hypocarbia hai-po-CAR-bee-yah | hypo= under, carb= carbon dioxide, ia= condition
insuffiecient carbon dioxide
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| Hypoxemia hai-poks-EEM-ee-yah | hypo= under, ox= oxygen, emia= blood condition
insufficient oxygen in the blood
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| Hypoxia hai-POKS-ee-yah | hypo- under, ox= oxygen, ia= condition
insufficient oxygen
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| Computed tomography com-PYOO-ted tom-O-grah-fee | computed tomo= cut, graphy= writing procedure
an imaging procedure using a computer to cut ("cut" in this context does not mean incision, but rather using a computer to view "slices" of a patient's organs)
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| Pulmonary angiography pul-mon-AIR-ee an-jee-O-grah-fee | pulmon= lung, ary = pertaining to, angio= vessel, graphy= writing procedure
An imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity
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| Ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ scan) | ventil= breathing, ation-per= process-through, fusion= pour
A scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)
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| Bronchoscopy bron-KOS-koh-pee | broncho= bronchus, scopy= looking procedure
procedure to look inside the bronchi
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| Capnography cap-NOH-gra-fee | capno= carbon dioxide, graphy= writing procedure
procedure to record carbon dioxide levels
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| Capnometer cap-NOM-eh-ter | capno= carbon dioxide, meter= instrument to measure
instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels
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| Endoscope EN-doh-SKOHP | endo= inside, scope= instrument to look
instrument to look inside
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| Nasopharyngoscope nay-zoh-fa-RIN-go-skope | naso= nose, pharyngo= throat, scope= instrument to look
an instrument to look at the nose and throat
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| Oximetry ok-SIM-ah-tree | oxi= oxygen, metry= measuring process
procedure to measure oxygen levels
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| Polysomnography po-lee-som-NAH-gra-fee | poly= multiple, somno= sleep, graphy= writing procedure
recording multiple aspects of sleep
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| Pulmonary function testing (PFT) pul-mon-AIR-ee funk-shun TES-ting | pulmon= lung, ary = pertaining to
a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs
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| Spirometry speer-O-meh-tree | spiro= breathing, metry= measuring process
procedure to measure breathing
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| Thoracoscopy thor-a-KOS-koh-pee | thoraco= chest, scopy= looking procedure
examination of the chest (same as thorascopy)
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| Laryngitis la-rin-JAI-tis | laryng= larynx, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the larynx
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| Laryngotracheobronchitis la-rin-go-tray-key-o-bron-KAI-tis | laryngo= larynx, tracheo= trachea, bronch= bronchus, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
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| Rhinitis rai-NAI-tis | rhin= nose, itis = inflammation
infammation of the nasal passages
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| Sinusitis sai-nus-AI-tis | sinus= sinus, itis = inflammation
inflammation of the sinus
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| Pansinusitis pan-sai-nus-AI-tis | pan= all, sinus= sinus, itis= inflammation
inflammation of all sinuses
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| Sleep apnea sleep AP-nee-ah | a= not, pnea= breathing
a condition where the patient ceases to breath while asleep
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| Tonsillitis ton-sil-AI-tis | tonsill= tonsil, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the tonsils
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| tracheitis tray-kee-AI-tis | trache= trachea, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the trachea
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| Tracheomalacia tray-kee-oh-ma-LAY-shah | tracheo= trachea, malacia= softening
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| Asthma AZ-ma | from greek word pertaining to "panting" or "gasping"
a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway
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| Bronchiolitis bron-kee-yo-LAI-tis | bronchiol= bronchiole, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the bronchiole
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| Bronchitis bron-KAI-tis | bronch= bronchus, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the bronchi
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| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | chron= time, ic= pertaining to, ob= in the way, struct= build, ive= pertaining to
a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages
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| Cystic fibrosis SIS-tik fai-BROH-sis | cyst= cyst, ic= pertaining to , fibr= fiber, osis= condition
a disease causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs
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| Diaphragmatocele dai-a-frag-MAT-o-seel | diaphragmato= diaphragm, cele= pouch/tumor/hernia
hernia of the diaphragm
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| Emphysema im-fi-ZEE-ma | from the Greek word "emphysan" meaning "to inflate"
a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhalte, but have difficulty exhaling
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| Obstructive lung disorder ob-STRUKT-iv | a lung disorder caused by a blockage
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| Pleuritis plur-AI-tis | pleur= pleura, itis= inflammation
inflammation of the pleura
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| Pleurisy PLUR-ih-see | pleur= pleura, isy= inflammation
another word for pleuritis, inflammation of the pleura
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| Pneumatocele new-MAT-o-seel | pneumato= lung, cele= pouch/tumor/hernia
hernia of the lung
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| Pneumoconiosis new-moh-con-i-O-sis | pneumo= lung, consi= dust, osis= condition
a lung condition caused by dust
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| Pneumonia new-MOH-nee-yah | pneumon= lung, ia= condition
a lung condition
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| Pneumonitis new-moh-NAI-tis | pneumon= lung, itis = inflammation
inflammation of the lung
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| Pulmonary embolism pul-mon-AIR-ee em-bol-IZ-um | pulmon= lung, ary= pertaining to, embol= embolus, ism = condition
blockage in the pulmonary blood supply
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| Pulmonary neoplasm pul-mon-AIR-ee ne-oh-PLAZ-sum | pulmon= lung, ary = pertaining to, neo= new, plasm= formation
new growth (tumor) in the lung
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| Restrictive lung disorder | re=back, strict= bind, ive= pertaining to
a lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs
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| Bronchiogenic carcinoma bron-kee-oh-JEN-ic car-si-NO-ma | bronchio= bronchus, genic= beginning in, carcin= cancer, oma= tumor
a camcerous tumor originating in the bronchi
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| Mesothelioma mee-zoh-thee-lee-OH-ma | meso= middle, theli= nipple, oma= tumor
a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs
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| Antitussive an-tee-TUSS-iv | anti= against, tuss= cough, ive= agent
a drug that prevents coughing
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| Bronchodilator bron-koh-DAI-lay-tor | broncho= bronchus, dilator= expander
a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi
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| Expectorant eks-PEK-tor-ant | ex= out, pector= chest, ant= agent
a dug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs
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| Mucolytic myoo-koh-LIT-ik | muco= mucus, lytic= breakdown agent
a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus
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| Nebulizer neh-byoo-LAI-zir | a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a "cloud" or mist that is inhaled by the patient
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| Adenoidectomy a-din-oid-EK-toe-mee | adenoid= adenoid, ectomy= removal
removal of the adenoids
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| Intubate IN-tub-ate | to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support
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| Laryngectomy la-rin-JEK-toe-mee | laryng= larynx, ectomy= removal
removal of the larynx
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| Laryngoplasty la-rin-GO-plas-tee | laryngo= larynx, plasty = reconstruction
reconstruction of the larynx
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| Septoplasty sep-toe-PLAS-tee | septo= septum, plasty = reconstruction
reconstruction of the septum
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| Palatoplasty pal-e-toe-PLAS-tee | palata= palate, plasty = conconctruction
reconstruction of a palate
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| Tonsillectomy ton-sil-EK-toe-mee | tonsill= tonsil, ectomy= removal
removal of the tonsils
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| Tracheostomy tray-kee-AH-stoh-mee | tracheo= trachea, stomy= opening
Creating of an opening in the trachea
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| Tracheotomy tray-kee-AH-toe-mee | tracheo= trachea, tomy= incision
incision into the trachea
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| Endotracheal intubation en-doh-TRAY-kee-al in-too-BAY-shun | endo= inside, trache= trachea, al= pertaining to
insertion of a tube inside the trachea
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| Bronchoplasty bron-koh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of the bronchus
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| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped
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| Lobectomy loh-BEK-toe-mee | removal of a lobe
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| Pleuropexy ploo-rah-PEK-see | pleuro= pleura, pexy= fixation
Reattachment of the pleura
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| Pneumonectomy new-mon-EK-toe-mee | pneumon= lung, ectomy= removal
Removal of a lung
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| Thoracentesis thor-a-sin-TEE-sis | thora(co)= chest, centesis= puncture
Puncture of the chest
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| Thoracoplasty thor-a-koh-PLAS-tee | thoraco= chest, plasty= reconstruction
reconstruction of the chest
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| Thoracostomy thor-a-KOS-toe-mee | thoraco= chest, stomy= opening
creation of an opening in the chest
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| Thoracotomy thor-a-KAH-toe-mee | thoraco= chest, tomy= incision
incision into the chest
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| ABG | arterial blood gas
analysis of the gases in the blood; used to determine the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanges gases
(CBG= capillary blood gas; when they use capillary blood from finger stick)
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| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrom
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| Bx | biopsy
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure
a treatment of sleep apnea involving keeping a patient's airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| CT | computed tomography
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| CTA | clear to auscultation
when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient's lungs
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| CXR | chest x-ray
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| DOE | dyspnea on exertion
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| ETT | Endotracheal tube
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| LRTI | Lower respiratory tract infection
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| LTB | laryngotracheobronchitis
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging
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| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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| PE | pulmonary embolism
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| PET | positron emission tomography
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| PSG | polysomnography
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
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| TB | tuberculosis
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| URI/URTI | upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection
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| V/Q | ventilation-perfusion scan
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