The Endocrine System
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| aden/o | gland
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| adren/o | adrenal gland
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| andr/o | male
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| crin/o | to secrete
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| dips/o | thirst
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| gluc/o | glucose (sugar)
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| ket/o | ketone bodies
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| VP | vasopressin
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| T4 | thyroxine
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| T3 | triiodothyronine
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| PTH | parathyroid hormone
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| PRL | prolactin
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| HbAlc | glycosylated hemoglobin
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| glucosuria | glucose (sugar) in the urine, also called glycosuria
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| hirsutism | excessive hair growth over the body, unusual places
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| hypercalcemia | an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood
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| hypocalcemia | an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood
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| hypersecretion | abnormally increased secretion
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| hyposecretion | abnormally decreased secretion
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences the absorption of water kidney tubules; also called vasopressin
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| thyroid | located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin
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| calcitonin | hormones that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
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| adrenalectomy | removal of ones or both adrenal glands
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| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland
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| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas
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| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid glands
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| luteinizing hormone (LH) | hormone that causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes
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| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | hormone that affects skin pigmentation
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| growth hormone (GH) | hormone that influences growth
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| serotonin | hormone that constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter
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| melatonin | hormone that is involved with circadian rhythm (24-hour cycle); affects the onset of puberty
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| pineal gland | located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin
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| glucagon | a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of the Langerhans that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar
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| epinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also adrenaline
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| norepinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress
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