The Skeletal System Abbv.s and Definitions
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| AKA | above-knee amputation
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| BKA | below-knee amputation
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| DJD | Degenerative joint disease
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| Fx | fracture
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| LS | lumbosacral
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| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation
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| PROM | passive range of motion
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis
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| RF | rheumatoid factor
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| ROM | range of motion
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| THR | total hip replacement
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| TKA | total knee arthroplasty
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| TKR | total knee replacement
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| TMJ | temporomandibular joint
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| TX, Tx | traction
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| Appendicular Skeleton | Set of bones that forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder gridle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
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| Axial Skeleton | Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone.
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| Carpals | Bones of the wrist
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| Clavicle | Collarbone
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| Cranium | Part of the skull; the eight bones of the head that enclose the brain
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| Diaphysis | The shaft, or middle section, of a long bone.
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| Endosteum | Membrane lining the medullary canal of a bone. It keeps the yellow marrow intact and it produces some bone growth.
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| Epiphysis | The two ends of a long bone
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| Femur | Thigh Bone
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| Fibula | Outer and smaller bone of the lower leg.
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| Fontanels | Soft spots in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs. They are mad eof membrane & cartilage and turn into solid bone by approximately 18 months of age.
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| Foramina | Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
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| Humerus | Upper arm bone.
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| Joints | Areas where two bones or more bones join together with ligaments. There are three types.
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| Diathrosis | A type of freely movable joint (ex. ball and socket joints in the hip)
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| Amphiarthrosis | A type of slightly movable joint (ex. attachment of the ribs to the toracic vertebrae)
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| Synarthrosis | A type of immovable joint (ex. the cranium)
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| Ligaments | Connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at the joints.
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| Medullary Canal | Inner, or central, portion of a long bone which is a cavity that is filled with yellow marrow.
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| Metacarpals | Five bones that make up the palm of the hand.
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| Metatarsals | Five bones that make the instep of the foot.
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| Os Coxae | The hipbone; formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
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| Patella | Kneecap
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| Periosteum | A tough membrane that covers the outside of a bone. It contains blood vessels, lympf vessels, and osteoblasts. It is necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
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| Osteoblasts | Special cells that form new bone tissue.
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| Phalanges | Bones of the fingers and toes.
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| Radius | Bone of the lower arm on the thumb's side.
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| Red Marrow | It produces red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells. It is found in certain bones such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, cranium, and in the proximal parts of the humerus and the femur.
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| Ribs | Also called costae; twelve pairs of narrow, curved bones that surround the thoracic cavity.
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| Scapula | Shoulder Bone
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| Sinuses | Air pockets in the bones of the skull that provide resonance for the voice. They are covered with a mucous membrane.
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| Skeletal System | A system in the body that contains all the bones in the body.
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| Sternum | The breastbone.
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| Sutures | Areas where the cranial bones have joined together.
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| Tarsals | Ankle bone
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| Tibia | Inner and larger bone of the lower leg, beneath the knee and above the ankle.
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| Ulna | Larger bone of the lower arm with a projection called the oleranon process at its upper end, forming the elbow.
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| Vertebrae | The bones that make up the spinal column. They protect the spinal cord and provide support for the head and trunk.
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| Yellow Marrow | Mainly fat cells.
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