Chapter 18-Endocrine System
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| Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a _____________. | goiter
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| Overactivity of the thyroid gland. | hyperthyroidism
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| The most common form of hyperthyroidism. | Graves disease
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| Protrusion of the eyeballs due to hyperthyroidism. | exophthalmos
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| Deficient production of parathyroid hormone. | hypoparathyroidism
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| Group of symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex. | Cushing syndrome
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| Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex. | Addison disease
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| Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells | diabetes mellitus (DM)
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| This type of diabetes is brought on by hormonal changes during pregnancy. | gestational diabetes
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| Enlargement of the extremities caused by hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary after puberty. | acromegaly
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| Hypersecretion of growth hormone from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues | gigantism
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| Congential hyposecretion of growth hormone. | dwarfism
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| Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). | diabetes insipidus (DI)
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| Radioactive iodine is administered orally, and its uptake by the thyroid gland is imaged to assess thyroid function. | radioactive iodine uptake scan
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| A scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland after intravenous administration of a radioactive (technetium) compound. | thyroid scan
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| This procedure is the most common procedure performed to treat pancreatic cancer | Whipple procedure (aka pancreatuduodenectomy)
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| These glands secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream. | Endocrine glands
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| These glands send chemical substances (tears, sweat, milk, saliva) via ducts to the outside of the body. | Exocrine glands
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| Functions to support the body's "biological clock" and is thought to induce sleep. | Melatonin
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| This gland has been linked to a mental condition, seasonal afffective disorder (SAD). | pineal gland
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| Two of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. | thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
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| This hormone produced by the thyroid gland is secreted when calcium levels in the blood are high. It stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bones, thus lowering blood calcium back to normal. | calcitonin
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| aden/o | gland
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| adren/o | adrenal glands
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| adrenal/o | adrenal glands
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| gonad/o | sex glands (ovaries and testes)
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland
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| pituitar/o | pituitary gland, hypophysis
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| thyr/o | thyroid gland
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| thyroid/o | thyroid gland
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| andr/o | male
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| calc/o, calci/o | calcium
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| cortic/o | cortex, outer region
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| crin/o | secrete
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| dips/o | thirst
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| estr/o | female
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| gluc/o | sugar
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| home/o | sameness
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| hormon/o | hormone
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| kal/i | potassium (an electrolyte)
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| lact/o | milk
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| myx/o | mucus
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| natr/o | sodium (an electrolyte)
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| phys/o | growing
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| somat/o | body
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| ster/o | solid structure
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| toc/o | childbirth
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| toxic/o | poison
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| ur/o | urine
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| -agon | assemble, gather together
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| -emia | blood condition
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| -in, -ine | a substance
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| -tropin | stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)
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| -uria | urine condition
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| eu- | good, normal
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| hyper- | excessive; above
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| hypo- | deficient; below
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| oxy- | rapid, sharp, acid
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| pan- | all
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| tetra- | four
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| tri- | three
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
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| BMR | basal metabolic rate-an indicator of thryoid function, but not in current use
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| DI | diabetes insipidus
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| DM | diabetes mellitus
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| GH | growth hormone
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| GTT | glucose tolerance test (measures ability to respond to a glucose load; a test for diabetes.
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| IDDM | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus-type I diabetes
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| LH | luteinizing hormone
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| NIDDM | non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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| PTH | parathyroid hormone(parathormone)
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| STH | somatotropin (growth hormone)
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| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
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| The adrenal cortex secretes three types of corticosteroids | Glucocorticoids (influence sugar), Mineralocorticoids (regulates concentration of mineral salts), Sex hormones (androgens and estrogens)
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| The adrenal medulla secretest wo types of catecholamine hormones. | Epinephrine (adrenaline); Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
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