CAS 14 FC Topic 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Lateral geniculate body, globus pallidus, and posterior limb of the internal capsule
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| What cortical structure(s) provide input to the lower face division of the motor nucleus of CN VII? | show 🗑
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| show | Contralateral sensory neglect
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| show | Postcentral gyrus
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| What is the name of the portion of the occipital cortex that is inferior to the calcarine sulcus? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the lingual gyrus? | show 🗑
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| show | Inferior
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| What are the sensory functions of the vagus nerve? | show 🗑
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| What seven muscles are innervated by the vagus nerve? | show 🗑
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| What are the anatomical boundaries of the parietal lobe? | show 🗑
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| show | Medial striate arteries
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| show | Head of the caudate, anterior portion of the lentiform nucleus, anterior limb of the internal capsule
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| What are 3 etiologies of cavernous sinus syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What is the pathway of the second order neurons that carry pain and temperature sensation from the face and oral cavity? | show 🗑
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| What deficit would you expect from a unilateral lesion to the cuneus? | show 🗑
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| What arterial structures are joined by the basilar artery? | show 🗑
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| What structures does the basilar artery supply blood to? | show 🗑
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| What are the clinical manifestations of cavernous sinus syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 layers of the dura mater? | show 🗑
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| What are the branches of the basilar artery as it runs along the pons? | show 🗑
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| show | Large Purkinje cell dendrites, stellate cells and basket cells
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| show | V3 → mesencephalic nucleus of V → motor nucleus of V → masseter
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| show | Warthin tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
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| What would be expected in a lower motor neuron lesion of CN VII? | show 🗑
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| Which cerebral structures are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery? | show 🗑
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| Where does CN VII exit the brainstem? | show 🗑
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| Where does CN VII exit the skull? | show 🗑
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| show | Frontal lobe
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| show | Premotor cortex
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| show | Longitudinal fissure
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| What is in the precentral gyrus? | show 🗑
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| show | Primary motor cortex of the precentral gyrus
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| What are three possible sequelae of anterior cerebral artery occlusion? | show 🗑
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| show | Executive decision making and functions
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| show | Voluntary eye movement
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| Patients with lesions to the neocerebellar cortex, superior cerebellar peduncle, or globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei within the cerebellum classically present with which 3 signs? | show 🗑
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| In the pupillary light reflex, which nucleus do the primary neurons project to? | show 🗑
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| show | Paralysis and sensory loss of contralateral face and arm, Broca and/or Wernicke aphasia, and contralateral neglect
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| What is the circle of Willis? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the portion of the occipital cortex superior to the calcarine sulcus? | show 🗑
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| show | Integrates visual information from the contralateral lower field
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| show | Motor innervation for the stylopharyngeus muscle
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| Will lesions to the trochlear (CN IV) nucleus affect the superior oblique muscle on the ipsilateral or the contralateral side? | show 🗑
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| show | Vestibule, ventricles, and infraglottic cavity
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| show | A central body, as well as an anterior horn, posterior horn, and inferior horn.
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| show | Via the interventricular foramen of Monro
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| show | Sublingual, minor salivary, and submandibular glands
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| show | CN IX
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| show | Parotid fascia
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| show | Jugular foramen
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| show | Hyoid bone, superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and midline
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| show | Trisomy 21 (prominent epicanthal folds)
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| What diseases could macroglossia point to in a newborn exam? | show 🗑
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| Where do the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries originate? | show 🗑
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| show | Pons and parts of the cerebellum
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| show | Parasympathetic fibers innervating the sphincter pupillae muscle
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| show | Anterior communicating artery
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| show | Cerebellopontine angle
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| show | Edinger-Westphal nucleus of CN III
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| show | The superior belly attaches to the hyoid bone and the inferior belly originates from the superior border of the scapula. The intermediate tendon connects these two bellies.
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| What is the innervation of the omohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
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| How will patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) present? | show 🗑
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| show | External laryngeal nerve
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| What artery does the external laryngeal nerve travel with? | show 🗑
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| show | Blood pressure control (SBP target <160 mmHg), prophylactic antiseizure therapy, and stool softeners or laxatives to prevent straining
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| show | Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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| What cranial nerve do mucoepidermoid carcinoma tumors often involve? | show 🗑
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| show | Superior thyroid artery
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| What nerve does the superior thyroid artery travel with? | show 🗑
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| In addition to nontraumatic rupture of a saccular aneurysm, what are some additional etiologies of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | Contralateral VPM via the ventral trigeminothalamic tract
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| What is the location of the spinal nucleus of CN V? | show 🗑
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| What is the pathway of the first order neurons that carry pain and temperature sensation from the face and oral cavity? | show 🗑
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| From where does the posterior cerebral arteries arise? | show 🗑
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| show | Inferior surface of the brain and occipital lobe
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| What is the location of the trigeminal ganglion? | show 🗑
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| show | Internal carotid artery
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| show | Medial and superior surfaces of the frontal lobe along with superior surfaces of the parietal lobe
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| What three branches come off of the vertebral arteries before they fuse to form the basilar artery? | show 🗑
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| What does CN IX traverse through to exit the skill? | show 🗑
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| What are the sensory functions of CN IX? | show 🗑
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| show | Bilateral input from both precentral gyri
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| show | Anterior cerebral artery
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| What are the 5 sensory subdivisions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery (AKA internal mammary artery), and thyrocervical trunk
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| show | Inferior thyroid, suprascapular, and transverse cervical arteries
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| What are the divisions in the motor nucleus of CN VII? | show 🗑
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| Lesions of CN IX most commonly result in which deficits? | show 🗑
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| What are the borders of the carotid triangle? | show 🗑
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| show | External carotid artery, as well as its first 5 branches (superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, occipital, facial arteries)
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| What vessel is a branch of the third part of the subclavian artery? | show 🗑
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| What would be expected in an upper motor neuron lesion of CN VII? | show 🗑
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| Which nerve innervates the sternohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing
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| show | Epidural space
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| What is the clinical significance of the internal vertebral venous plexus ? | show 🗑
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| Which nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, and superficial temporal artery
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| What two interventions can be done to manage epidural hematoma prior to surgical intervention? | show 🗑
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| show | Convex ("lenticular") shaped mass
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| show | Superior cerebellar peduncle
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| show | Medulloblastoma
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| What are the four deep nuclei of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| show | Middle cerebellar peduncle
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| Which 3 structures are commonly lesioned within the medial cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| show | Truncal ataxia (wide-based gait, inability to stand upright without support), nystagmus, and head tilting
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| show | Bilateral
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| show | Pleomorphic adenoma (AKA "mixed tumor")
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| show | Stromal and epithelial tissue
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| show | Lower part of the SCM, the inferior belly of the omohyoid, and the clavicle
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| show | Subclavian artery and the brachial plexus
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| show | A comminuted and/or depressed fracture
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| show | Costocervical trunk
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| show | Deep cervical artery and superior intercostal artery
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| show | Internal and external laryngeal nerves
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| show | Mydriasis (pupillary dilation) and lack of accommodation (blurry vision)
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| What makes the optic nerve unique from other peripheral nerves? | show 🗑
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| What are the four principal sutures in the skull? | show 🗑
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| show | Spatial and visual perception as well as abstract ideation
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| What is cortical deafness? | show 🗑
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| Which nerve innervates the sternothyroid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Upper part of the SCM, the inferior belly of the omohyoid, and the anterior border of the trapezius
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| show | Occipital artery and transverse cervical artery, as well as CN XI (accessory nerve)
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| In the pupillary light reflex, which nerves arise from the ciliary ganglion and provide parasympathetic innervation to the pupillary sphincter muscle, thereby inducing pupillary constriction? | show 🗑
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| show | CN III also innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, which serves to elevate the upper eyelid.
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| What is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Sphincter pupillae (circular muscles) and the ciliary muscles of the eye
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| What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex? | show 🗑
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| show | Due to the unopposed action of the intact contralateral lateral pterygoid muscle
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| show | Altered consciousness, nausea, vomiting, and headache
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| show | Anterior and superior vermis
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| show | Excitatory granule cells and inhibitory Golgi cells
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| From deepest to most superficial, what are the 3 layers of the spinal meninges? | show 🗑
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| show | Elevate the eyebrows and wrinkle skin of the forehead
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| What is the innervation of the frontalis muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Raise the upper lip & open the nostrils
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| show | Zygomatic & superior buccal branches of CN VII
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| show | If midline brain structures are displaced by the hematoma
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| show | Confluence of sinuses
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| show | Subdural hematoma
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| Which ganglions does CN VII provide autonomic innervation to? | show 🗑
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| What can be seen in a bilateral lesion to CN XI? | show 🗑
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| What type of herniation is most commonly seen in the setting of epidural hematoma? | show 🗑
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| show | Posterior communicating artery
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| show | Relays sensation from the mandibular teeth and gums
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| What is the course of the vertebral artery in the neck? | show 🗑
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| In what ways is increased ICP medically managed? | show 🗑
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| What are the borders of the submandibular triangle? | show 🗑
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| show | Submandibular gland, as well as the facial artery and vein. The hypoglossal nerve passes deep to the submandibular gland.
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| show | Brachiocephalic trunk
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| Where does the common carotid arise on the left side? | show 🗑
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| Which arteries arise from the subclavian arteries to supply blood to the posterior cerebral circulation? | show 🗑
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| show | Pons, medial to the main sensory nucleus
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| show | Nerve to mylohyoid, which is a branch off of the inferior alveolar nerve of V3
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| What are the 2 most common etiologies of cranial swelling in neonates due to trauma in the birth canal? | show 🗑
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| What are 4 complications associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages? | show 🗑
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| What foramen carries CN XI as it exits the skull? | show 🗑
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| What are the typical CT findings of diffuse axonal injury? | show 🗑
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| In addition to the headache, what are some other common clinical manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | Lenticulostriate arteries
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| Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull? | show 🗑
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| show | Carotid artery and the internal jugular vein
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| show | Contralateral upper quadrantanopia with macular sparing
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| What brain hemisphere is responsible for propositional language, logic, and calculation? | show 🗑
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| Which limb of the pupillary light reflex is provided by CN II? | show 🗑
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| What nerve must surgeons be particularly mindful of when resecting parotid gland tumors? | show 🗑
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| show | Recurrent laryngeal nerves
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| show | Because of the unopposed actions of the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles
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| What are three risk factors for development of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)? | show 🗑
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| show | Smile
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| show | Buccal & zygomatic branches of CN VII
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| What are the major clinical manifestations of a communicating hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| show | Innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except for palatoglossus, which is innervated by CN X)
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| What drug is used to prevent vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| What are three common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| What is the gold standard test for determining the location of bleeding in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | Emergency surgical decompression
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| show | Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
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| show | Recurrent lobar hemorrhages
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| show | Hypertension
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| show | Flattens the cheeks against the teeth and keeps food between teeth out of the oral vestibule
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| show | Buccal branch of CN VII
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| What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
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| What is the function of the levator labii superioris muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the levator labii superioris muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the occipitalis muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the occipitalis muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the depressor anguli oris muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the depressor anguli oris muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
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| In the pupillary light reflex, where do parasympathetic fibers synapse after leaving the Edinger-Westphal nucleus? | show 🗑
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| What nerve carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? | show 🗑
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| show | An obstruction in the ventricular system that blocks CSF circulation
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| show | Weight loss
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| show | Dementia, gait disturbances, and bladder incontinence
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| The inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of what artery? | show 🗑
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| What nerve does the inferior thyroid artery travel with? | show 🗑
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| show | Infraglottic cavity
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| What are four causes of hydrocephalus ex vacuo? | show 🗑
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| show | Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and cricothyroid
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| What are 3 procedures/surgeries that are used to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension that is refractory to medical treatment? | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroarytenoid muscles
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| show | Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)
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| What is the most common type of communicating hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| What muscles are the only muscles that open the true vocal cords? | show 🗑
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| What can result from paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles? | show 🗑
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| What are some etiologies of non-communicating hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| What is the mechanism by which communicating hydrocephalus occurs? | show 🗑
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| What is the classic radiographic finding of hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| show | Transverse and oblique arytenoideus muscles
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| What is the action of the transverse and oblique arytenoideus muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | Brain atrophy that results in a compensatory increase in ventricular volume
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| show | Normal
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| show | Periorbital ecchymoses (i.e. raccoon eyes), rhinorrhea (CSF dripping from nose), otorrhea (CSF leaking from ears), and ecchymosis behind the ear (i.e. Battle’s sign)
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| What is the major risk factor for developing venous sinus thrombosis? | show 🗑
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| Describe the course of the parotid duct. | show 🗑
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| What is another name for the parotid duct? | show 🗑
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| What nerves innervate the larynx? | show 🗑
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| Which nerve do the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves branch from? | show 🗑
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| show | Placement of a VP shunt
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| What cerebral cistern contains the great vein of Galen? | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral ventricles → interventricular foramina of Monro → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius → fourth ventricle → foramen of Magendie (medial) or foramina of Luschka (lateral) → subarachnoid space
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| What is the location of the third ventricle? | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebral aqueduct
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| What are the two major functions of CN VIII? | show 🗑
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| show | Proprioceptive pathway
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| show | Nimodipine
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| What muscles does the mandibular nerve (V3) innervate? | show 🗑
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| show | For branchial cleft cysts in the preauricular area as well as the sinuses and for skin tags
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| show | Hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes) is associated with a large number of syndromes (Trisomy 13)
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| Where is the posterior fontanelle located? | show 🗑
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| show | Can be part of a syndrome such as DiGeorge or Down’s.
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| What is the location of the main sensory nucleus of CN V? | show 🗑
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| What are the components of the Circle of Willis? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the posterior inferior cerebellar artery? | show 🗑
|
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| What areas of the brain does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply? | show 🗑
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| show | Terminal branches of the internal carotid artery
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| What areas of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply? | show 🗑
|
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| What muscles of the face, head, and upper neck are innervated by cranial nerve VII? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the most common site of aneurysm associated with acute CN III palsy? | show 🗑
|
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| What do patients with an acute CN III palsy present with? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric, and stylohyoid
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|
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| What are two additional causes of cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage besides hypertension and amyloid angiopathy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| What are the three functional lobes of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| What cells transmit output from the cerebellar cortex? | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior bellies of the digastric bilaterally and the hyoid bone
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| show | Submental lymph nodes
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|
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| What is the pathway of the third order neurons that carry light touch and pressure sensation from the face and oral cavity? | show 🗑
|
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| show | CN V3
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|
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| What is the pathway for the corneal reflex? | show 🗑
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| At what point do fibers from the motor nucleus of V join the mandibular nerve (V3)? | show 🗑
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| show | Chief/principal sensory, spinal, mesencephalic, and motor
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| show | Trigeminal ganglion
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| show | Within the lateral portions of the midbrain and superior pons
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|
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| Which cerebellar peduncle transmits ipsilateral proprioceptive information to the cerebellum from the spinal cord? | show 🗑
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| show | At the level of the 2nd upper molar
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| show | S2
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| Infarction of a lenticulostriate artery is characteristic of which type of stroke? | show 🗑
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| show | Cisterna magna, which receives CSF from the fourth ventricle via the median foramen of Magendie
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|
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| What is the major risk factor for the development of Warthin tumor of the parotid galdn? | show 🗑
|
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| Paralysis of what muscle innervated by CN VII results in hyperacusis? | show 🗑
|
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| Occlusion of what artery may result in contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing? | show 🗑
|
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| What three nerves branch off the facial nerve immediately after it exits the skull? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Cerebral cortex
🗑
|
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| What is the function of the carotid body? | show 🗑
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| show | Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
🗑
|
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| Occlusion of what artery causes locked-in syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What cranial nerve originates from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem? | show 🗑
|
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| If an epidural hematoma goes untreated, what complication could develop, and what clinical signs would you see? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Occipital lobe
🗑
|
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| show | Posterior surface of the thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| What are the typical CT findings of an acute subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
🗑
|
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| show | Anterior communicating artery
🗑
|
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| show | Middle meningeal artery
🗑
|
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| Through what foramen does CN XII exit the skull? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the uvula as a result of a unilateral lesion of CN X? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyponatremia
🗑
|
||||
| Which major structures are supplied by the middle cerebral artery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Senses blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | CN IX (also known as Hering's nerve)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Follicles, colloid, and parafollicular cells
🗑
|
||||
| The cell bodies for proprioception within the trigeminal area are located in which nucleus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| In patients with chronic subdural hematoma, what treatment may result in dramatic improvement? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common cause of a unilateral congenital facial palsy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Midline (of the body), inferior border of the mandible , and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ligamentum flavum, dura mater and arachnoid
🗑
|
||||
| show | C1 via hypoglossal nerve
🗑
|
||||
| What is the presenting symptom in posterior vermis syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maintenance of posture and balance, maintenance of skeletal muscle tone, and coordination of voluntary and fine movement
🗑
|
||||
| show | Serves as the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex and in accommodation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ipsilateral blindness and a loss of the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex in the affected eye
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cigarette smoking (most important modifiable risk factor), hypertension, family history
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypoglossal canal
🗑
|
||||
| What deep structures of the face are innervated by branches of the maxillary nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What cranial nerves traverse the cavernous sinus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, intorts, and abducts the eye while adducted
🗑
|
||||
| What is the presentation of an acute subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the two major terminal branches of the internal carotid artery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which brain hemisphere contains the speech areas? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What cranial nerve makes up the efferent limb of the gag reflex? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What physical exam sign is commonly seen in infants who develop hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Provides general sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue
🗑
|
||||
| show | Carries sensory information from the face to the brain and provides innervation to the muscles of mastication
🗑
|
||||
| What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Under what conditions can a patient who has sustained head trauma be sent home without hospitalization? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the arterial blood supply of the thyroid gland? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Medial rectus, the inferior rectus, the superior rectus, and the inferior oblique
🗑
|
||||
| What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
🗑
|
||||
| What is deposited in cerebral amyloid angiopathy that weakens cortical blood vessels? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the relative speed of symptom onset in patients with a subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What typically presents with a sudden-onset of, severe headache that is classically described as the “worst headache of my life”? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Xanthochromia (blonde color) or blood in the CSF
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyperdense crescent-shaped hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| What is the CT appearance of a chronic subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Severe head trauma (e.g. car accident)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the etiology of a chronic subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which type of cerebral hematoma is characterized by a lucid interval (brief period of improvement) followed by rapid signs of cerebral compression? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What 2 populations are at increased risk for subdural hematomas? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Injury to which vessel is associated with epidural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What major artery is the middle meningeal artery a branch of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the surgical options for treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a berry aneurysm? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Skull fractures are associated with what type of hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Crescent shaped (concave) hematoma which is less dense than an epidural hematoma due to dilution of the blood by CSF.
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of hematoma is more likely to cross suture lines? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bridging veins
🗑
|
||||
| Which test is performed to diagnose subarachnoid hemorrhage if there is a strong suspicion despite a negative CT scan? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which test findings are classically associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of the orbicularis oris? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Buccal branch of CN VII
🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of the orbicularis oculi? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the innervation of the orbicularis oculi? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Occlusion of which artery classically presents with painless monocular vision loss? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What brain structures are supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the characteristic finding on lumbar puncture in idiopathic intracranial hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What the name given to increased intracranial pressure with no apparent cause on imaging? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The increase in CSF takes place over time, thus allowing the gradual increases in intracranial pressure to be offset by compression of the cerebral hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| In an emergency, what palpable connective tissue membrane in the neck must be cut in order to insert an airway tube directly into the trachea? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What nerve provides parasympathetic input to the organs from the neck to the transverse colon? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common non-traumatic cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A pathological condition resulting from an alteration of the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to compression of surrounding CNS tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What conditions can damage the arachnoid granulations? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Arachnoid granulations
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ependymal cells of the vascular choroid plexus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Interpeduncular cistern
🗑
|
||||
| show | Normal/Increased opening pressure, increased lymphocyte count, normal/Increased protein, normal glucose
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pontine cistern
🗑
|
||||
| What are the CSF findings in bacterial infections? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the location of the fourth ventricle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does the fourth ventricle communicate with the cisterna magna? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the CSF findings in fungal/TB infections? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neurologic deficits of which nerve are highly suggestive of a malignant salivary gland neoplasm? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Parotid gland
🗑
|
||||
| show | A painless mass/swelling localized to a salivary gland
🗑
|
||||
| show | Innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
🗑
|
||||
| show | Same side of the injured nerve
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased intracranial pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, severe chorioretinitis
🗑
|
||||
| What can a deep blue sclera on newborn exam indicate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Choanal atresia (congenital disorder where back of nasal passage is blocked)
🗑
|
||||
| What are Epstein's pearls? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | At the juncture of the sagittal and coronal sutures
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2-3 days
🗑
|
||||
| Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries sensation from the eyes and conjunctiva? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | V2
🗑
|
||||
| show | Colloid
🗑
|
||||
| What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
🗑
|
||||
| Which division of the trigeminal nerve is the only one that carries motor innervation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the pathway for the tearing reflex? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What urgent treatment is indicated in penetrating head trauma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Surgical clipping and endovascular coiling
🗑
|
||||
| show | Alcoholics and the elderly due to significant brain atrophy
🗑
|
||||
| The ophthalmic artery is a branch of which artery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What physical exam finding must be assessed prior to performing lumbar puncture in a patient with suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | No branches
🗑
|
||||
| How does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dura
🗑
|
||||
| show | Biconvex, lens-shaped hematoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Besides a head CT, what other imaging is indicated in a patient with suspected basilar skull fracture? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Branches of which artery are often implicated in nosebleeds? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sphenopalatine artery
🗑
|
||||
| What are the roots of the phrenic nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where does the sigmoid sinus drain to? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which regions of the brain does the tentorium cerebelli separate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which regions of the brain does the falx cerebelli separate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Skin of the forehead, the dorsum of the nose and the upper eyelid
🗑
|
||||
| show | External carotid artery
🗑
|
||||
| What areas of the skin does the mandibular nerve innervate on the face? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What nerve can be damaged during a parotidectomy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Parafollicular cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscles of mastication
🗑
|
||||
| show | Meninges of the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of calcitonin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the major role of thyroid follicles? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased serum calcium concentration
🗑
|
||||
| What areas of the brain does the falx cerebri separate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the treatment for an epidural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Non-contrast CT scan of the head
🗑
|
||||
| Calcitonin opposes the actions of what other hormone? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What test must every patient who sustains head trauma and becomes unconscious for any period of time receive? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Describe the pupillary light reflex. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery may result in: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Under normal conditions, what is the primary driver of cerebral blood flow autoregulation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What effect does hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide) have on the brain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What effect does hypocapnia (low carbon dioxide) have on the brain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Short ciliary nerve
🗑
|
||||
| From where does the short ciliary nerve originate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Allows a contraction of the radial muscle and thus a dilation of the pupil during periods of high sympathetic activity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Corticosteroids
🗑
|
||||
| show | Subarachnoid space
🗑
|
||||
| How is a lumbar puncture performed? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the cause of lateral pontine syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How do patients with lateral pontine syndrome present? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Swelling overlying the fracture site
🗑
|
||||
| show | Below 160 mmHg
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear
🗑
|
||||
| What does a positive Rinne test bilaterally and a Weber test that lateralizes to the left ear indicate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Superior orbital foramen
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 structures exit the skull through the optic foramen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ischemia of the lingual artery (tongue pain), facial artery (facial pain), and the posterior auricular artery (in cyanosis of the ear)
🗑
|
||||
| How would a lesion of the abducens nerve (CN VI) present? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Optic canal
🗑
|
||||
| What causes optic neuritis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| What are the clinical manifestations of optic neuritis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the common presenting clinical manifestations of lateral medullary (Wallenburg) syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most commonly damaged nerve from a carotid artery aneurysm? | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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