CAS 14 FC Topic 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Which structures are supplied by the anterior choroidal artery? | show 🗑
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| show | Contralateral precentral gyrus
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| What can occur when there is a lesion in the superior parietal lobule? | show 🗑
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| show | Postcentral gyrus
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| show | Lingual gyrus
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| show | Integrates visual information from the contralateral upper field.
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| show | Inferior
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| What are the sensory functions of the vagus nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Cricothyroid, palatoglossus, levator veli palatini, laryngeal muscles, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and pharyngeal constrictor muscles
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| show | Posterior to the central sulcus and anterior to the parietooccipital sulcus
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| show | Medial striate arteries
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| show | Head of the caudate, anterior portion of the lentiform nucleus, anterior limb of the internal capsule
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| What are 3 etiologies of cavernous sinus syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What is the pathway of the second order neurons that carry pain and temperature sensation from the face and oral cavity? | show 🗑
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| What deficit would you expect from a unilateral lesion to the cuneus? | show 🗑
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| show | The vertebral arteries and the circle of Willis
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| show | Posterior aspect of the circle of willis and to the pontine arteries
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| What are the clinical manifestations of cavernous sinus syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 layers of the dura mater? | show 🗑
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| What are the branches of the basilar artery as it runs along the pons? | show 🗑
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| What cell types are particularly prominent within the cerebellar molecular layer? | show 🗑
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| What is the pathway of the jaw-jerk reflex? | show 🗑
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| Which benign cystic tumor of the parotid gland is characterized by neoplastic epithelial cells adjacent to a reactive lymphoid stroma, often with germinal centers? | show 🗑
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| show | Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis of upper and lower facial muscles of expression (Bell palsy) and a loss of efferent limb of corneal blink reflex (afferent limb = V1).
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| show | Midbrain, lateral & medial geniculate bodies, inferior portion of the temporal lobe, and occipital lobe (including the visual cortex)
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| Where does CN VII exit the brainstem? | show 🗑
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| show | Stylomastoid foramen
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| show | Frontal lobe
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| Which part of the frontal lobe is responsible for planning of voluntary movement? | show 🗑
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| Which cerebral fissure divides the cerebral cortex into two hemispheres? | show 🗑
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| What is in the precentral gyrus? | show 🗑
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| show | Primary motor cortex of the precentral gyrus
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| show | Paralysis/sensory loss of contralateral foot and leg, gait apraxia (loss of ability to have normal functioning of the lower limbs like walking), and urinary incontinence
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| What is the function of the prefrontal cortex? | show 🗑
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| show | Voluntary eye movement
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| Patients with lesions to the neocerebellar cortex, superior cerebellar peduncle, or globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei within the cerebellum classically present with which 3 signs? | show 🗑
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| show | Pretectal nucleus of the midbrain
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| show | Paralysis and sensory loss of contralateral face and arm, Broca and/or Wernicke aphasia, and contralateral neglect
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| show | An anastomotic network of arteries connecting the anterior and posterior pathways of cerebral blood
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| show | Cuneus
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| What is the function of the cuneus? | show 🗑
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| show | Motor innervation for the stylopharyngeus muscle
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| Will lesions to the trochlear (CN IV) nucleus affect the superior oblique muscle on the ipsilateral or the contralateral side? | show 🗑
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| What are the three major regions of the larynx? | show 🗑
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| show | A central body, as well as an anterior horn, posterior horn, and inferior horn.
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| show | Via the interventricular foramen of Monro
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| show | Sublingual, minor salivary, and submandibular glands
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| show | CN IX
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| show | Parotid fascia
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| show | Jugular foramen
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| What are the four boundaries of the muscular triangle of the neck? | show 🗑
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| During examination of a newborn, what could asymmetry of the eyes indicate? | show 🗑
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| What diseases could macroglossia point to in a newborn exam? | show 🗑
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| show | From the basilar artery between the level of the pons and medulla
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| show | Pons and parts of the cerebellum
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| show | Parasympathetic fibers innervating the sphincter pupillae muscle
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| show | Anterior communicating artery
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| show | Cerebellopontine angle
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| In the pupillary light reflex, where do nerve fibers synapse after leaving the pretectal nucleus? | show 🗑
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| show | The superior belly attaches to the hyoid bone and the inferior belly originates from the superior border of the scapula. The intermediate tendon connects these two bellies.
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| What is the innervation of the omohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Headaches, diplopia (CN VI palsy), papilledema, pulsatile tinnitus (perception of a pulsing sound that is synchronous with the heartbeat), no alterations in mental status
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| Which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Superior thyroid artery
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| What medical management strategies can be taken to reduce the risk of rebleeding in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common malignant tumor of the parotid gland? | show 🗑
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| show | Facial nerve (CN VII)
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| The superior laryngeal artery is a branch of what artery? | show 🗑
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| What nerve does the superior thyroid artery travel with? | show 🗑
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| show | Trauma, AV malformations, amyloid angiopathy, bleeding diatheses, and sympathomimetic drugs (eg, cocaine, amphetamines)
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| Where do second-order neurons carrying discriminatory and light touch information from facial structures innervated by CN V project to (where do they synapse)? | show 🗑
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| show | Junction of the pons and medulla
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| show | Spinal trigeminal tract
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| show | Bifurcation of the basilar artery
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| What areas of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply? | show 🗑
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| What is the location of the trigeminal ganglion? | show 🗑
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| show | Internal carotid artery
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| show | Medial and superior surfaces of the frontal lobe along with superior surfaces of the parietal lobe
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| show | Anterior spinal artery (ASA), posterior spinal arteries (PSA), and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)
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| show | Jugular foramen
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| What are the sensory functions of CN IX? | show 🗑
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| What cortical structure(s) provide input to the upper face division of the motor nucleus of CN VII? | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior cerebral artery
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| What are the 5 sensory subdivisions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve? | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 branches of the first part of the subclavian artery? | show 🗑
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| show | Inferior thyroid, suprascapular, and transverse cervical arteries
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| show | Upper and lower face divisions
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| show | Loss of the afferent limb of the gag reflex and loss of taste and general sensation from posterior third of the tongue
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| What are the borders of the carotid triangle? | show 🗑
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| What are the contents of the carotid triangle? | show 🗑
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| What vessel is a branch of the third part of the subclavian artery? | show 🗑
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| What would be expected in an upper motor neuron lesion of CN VII? | show 🗑
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| show | Ansa cervicalis, a branch of the C1-C3 cervical plexus
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| show | Depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing
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| show | Epidural space
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| show | Serves as a potential route for hematogenous metastasis of cancer to the brain
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| Which nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, and superficial temporal artery
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| What two interventions can be done to manage epidural hematoma prior to surgical intervention? | show 🗑
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| show | Convex ("lenticular") shaped mass
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| Which cerebellar peduncle transmits cerebellar output to the contralateral cerebral cortex? | show 🗑
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| show | Medulloblastoma
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| show | Dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial
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| Cerebellar input from the cerebral cortex will travel in what cerebellar peduncle? | show 🗑
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| show | Vermis, fastigial nuclei, and flocculonodular lobe
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| Name 3 signs indicative of a midline cerebellar lesion. | show 🗑
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| Midline lesions to the cerebellum result in what type of deficits? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common benign tumor of the parotid gland? | show 🗑
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| What are pleomorphic adenomas composed of? | show 🗑
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| show | Lower part of the SCM, the inferior belly of the omohyoid, and the clavicle
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| show | Subclavian artery and the brachial plexus
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| show | A comminuted and/or depressed fracture
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| What vessel is a branch of the second part of the subclavian artery? | show 🗑
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| show | Deep cervical artery and superior intercostal artery
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| What are the 2 branches of the superior laryngeal nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Mydriasis (pupillary dilation) and lack of accommodation (blurry vision)
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| What makes the optic nerve unique from other peripheral nerves? | show 🗑
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| show | Sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, and metopic
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| What are the functions of the right hemisphere of the brain? | show 🗑
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| What is cortical deafness? | show 🗑
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| show | Ansa cervicalis via a branch of the C2-C3 cervical plexus
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| What are the borders of the occipital triangle? | show 🗑
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| show | Occipital artery and transverse cervical artery, as well as CN XI (accessory nerve)
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| In the pupillary light reflex, which nerves arise from the ciliary ganglion and provide parasympathetic innervation to the pupillary sphincter muscle, thereby inducing pupillary constriction? | show 🗑
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| show | CN III also innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, which serves to elevate the upper eyelid.
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| What is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Digastric branch of CN VII
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| show | Sphincter pupillae (circular muscles) and the ciliary muscles of the eye
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| show | Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and granule cell (granular) layer
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| show | Due to the unopposed action of the intact contralateral lateral pterygoid muscle
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| show | Altered consciousness, nausea, vomiting, and headache
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| Which portions of the cerebellum are most prominently involved in alcoholic cerebellar degeneration? | show 🗑
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| What cell types are found in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| From deepest to most superficial, what are the 3 layers of the spinal meninges? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the frontalis muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the frontalis muscle? | show 🗑
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| What are the functions of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and nasalis? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and nasalis? | show 🗑
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| show | If midline brain structures are displaced by the hematoma
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| What sinus does the superior sagittal sinus drain to? | show 🗑
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| show | Subdural hematoma
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| show | The lacrimal gland via the pterygopalatine ganglion and the submandibular and sublingual glands via the submandibular ganglion.
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| What can be seen in a bilateral lesion to CN XI? | show 🗑
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| What type of herniation is most commonly seen in the setting of epidural hematoma? | show 🗑
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| Which vessel within the circle of Willis connects the internal carotid artery and the posterior cerebral artery? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve? | show 🗑
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| What is the course of the vertebral artery in the neck? | show 🗑
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| show | ICP monitoring, elevate head of bed, hyperventilate, and avoid fluid overload with gentle diuresis with mannitol or furosemide
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| show | Anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the inferior border of the mandible
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| What are the contents of the submandibular triangle? | show 🗑
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| Where does the common carotid arise on the right side? | show 🗑
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| show | Aortic arch on the left
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| show | Vertebral arteries
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| show | Pons, medial to the main sensory nucleus
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| What is the innervation of the mylohyoid? | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 most common etiologies of cranial swelling in neonates due to trauma in the birth canal? | show 🗑
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| What are 4 complications associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages? | show 🗑
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| show | Jugular foramen
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| What are the typical CT findings of diffuse axonal injury? | show 🗑
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| In addition to the headache, what are some other common clinical manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | Lenticulostriate arteries
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| Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull? | show 🗑
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| What structures does the vagus nerve descend the neck with? | show 🗑
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| What deficit would you expect from a unilateral lesion in the lingual gyrus? | show 🗑
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| What brain hemisphere is responsible for propositional language, logic, and calculation? | show 🗑
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| Which limb of the pupillary light reflex is provided by CN II? | show 🗑
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| show | CN VII
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| show | Recurrent laryngeal nerves
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| Why does the eye look "down and out" in a CN III palsy? | show 🗑
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| What are three risk factors for development of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)? | show 🗑
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| show | Smile
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| Which 2 branches of which nerve innervate the zygomaticus major? | show 🗑
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| show | Increased intracranial pressure, papilledema, and cerebral herniation
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| show | Innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except for palatoglossus, which is innervated by CN X)
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| What drug is used to prevent vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| What are three common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| What is the gold standard test for determining the location of bleeding in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| How should a subdural hematoma be treated? | show 🗑
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| What is a common cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage in older patients that do not have hypertension? | show 🗑
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| show | Recurrent lobar hemorrhages
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| What is the common underlying disease that causes intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | Flattens the cheeks against the teeth and keeps food between teeth out of the oral vestibule
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| What is the innervation of the buccinator muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
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| What is the function of the levator labii superioris muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Buccal branch of CN VII
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| show | Retracts the scalp
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| show | Posterior auricular nerve, branch of CN VII
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| show | Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
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| show | Frowns the mouth
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| What are the five terminal motor branches of the facial nerve? | show 🗑
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| In the pupillary light reflex, where do parasympathetic fibers synapse after leaving the Edinger-Westphal nucleus? | show 🗑
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| show | CN VII via the chorda tympani nerve
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| show | An obstruction in the ventricular system that blocks CSF circulation
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| show | Weight loss
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| show | Dementia, gait disturbances, and bladder incontinence
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| The inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of what artery? | show 🗑
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| What nerve does the inferior thyroid artery travel with? | show 🗑
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| What portion of the larynx communicates distally with the lumen of the trachea? | show 🗑
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| show | Alzheimer disease, advanced HIV, Huntington disease, and Pick disease
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| show | Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and cricothyroid
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| What are 3 procedures/surgeries that are used to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension that is refractory to medical treatment? | show 🗑
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| What muscles of the larynx are the principal relaxers of the vocal ligaments to lower the pitch of the voice? | show 🗑
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| show | Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)
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| What is the most common type of communicating hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| What muscles are the only muscles that open the true vocal cords? | show 🗑
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| show | Asphyxiation
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| show | Mass effect caused by edema, tumors, or congenital abnormalities (Dandy-Walker and Chiari malformations)
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| show | Decreased resorption of CSF by the arachnoid granulations. There is no blockage of CSF flow.
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| show | Enlarged ventricles
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| show | Transverse and oblique arytenoideus muscles
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| show | Close the opening of the glottis
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| What is hydrocephalus ex vacuo? | show 🗑
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| What is the relative intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus ex vacuo patients? | show 🗑
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| show | Periorbital ecchymoses (i.e. raccoon eyes), rhinorrhea (CSF dripping from nose), otorrhea (CSF leaking from ears), and ecchymosis behind the ear (i.e. Battle’s sign)
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| What is the major risk factor for developing venous sinus thrombosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Originates at the parotid gland and courses anteriorly along the masseter muscle
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| show | Stensen's duct
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| What nerves innervate the larynx? | show 🗑
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| show | Vagus nerve
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| What is the treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| What cerebral cistern contains the great vein of Galen? | show 🗑
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| Trace the flow of CSF from the lateral ventricles to the subarachnoid space. | show 🗑
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| What is the location of the third ventricle? | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebral aqueduct
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| What are the two major functions of CN VIII? | show 🗑
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| What is the only sensory pathway of the trigeminal system in which the first order neurons are not in the trigeminal ganglion? | show 🗑
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| Which calcium channel blocker improves neurologic outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | Muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid; tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric
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| show | For branchial cleft cysts in the preauricular area as well as the sinuses and for skin tags
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| show | Hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes) is associated with a large number of syndromes (Trisomy 13)
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| show | At the juncture of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
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| What can abnormal palpebral fissures indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | Within the lateral pons, immediately caudal to the mesencephalic nucleus
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|
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| What are the components of the Circle of Willis? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the posterior inferior cerebellar artery? | show 🗑
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| What areas of the brain does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply? | show 🗑
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| What are the middle cerebral arteries? | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral surfaces of the brain and temporal lobes
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|
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| What muscles of the face, head, and upper neck are innervated by cranial nerve VII? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the most common site of aneurysm associated with acute CN III palsy? | show 🗑
|
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| What do patients with an acute CN III palsy present with? | show 🗑
|
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| Which muscles does CN VII innervate? | show 🗑
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| show | Vasculitis and neoplasms
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| What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| What are the three functional lobes of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| show | Purkinje cell fibers
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| What are the borders of the submental triangle? | show 🗑
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| What are the contents of the submental triangle? | show 🗑
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| What is the pathway of the third order neurons that carry light touch and pressure sensation from the face and oral cavity? | show 🗑
|
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| Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries sensation from the external auditory meatus and external surface of the tympanic membrane, mucosa of the cheeks and floor of the mouth, the tongue, and the cranial dura? | show 🗑
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| show | V1 → spinal tract and spinal nucleus of V → bilateral projections to both facial nuclei (CN VII) → orbicularis oculi
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| At what point do fibers from the motor nucleus of V join the mandibular nerve (V3)? | show 🗑
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| show | Chief/principal sensory, spinal, mesencephalic, and motor
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| What are the cell bodies of first order neurons that transmit pain/temperature information from the face? | show 🗑
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| What is the location of the mesencephalic nucleus of V? | show 🗑
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| Which cerebellar peduncle transmits ipsilateral proprioceptive information to the cerebellum from the spinal cord? | show 🗑
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| Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity? | show 🗑
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| At what vertebral level does the dura mater end? | show 🗑
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| show | Lacunar
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| Which cerebral cistern lies between the medulla and cerebellum? | show 🗑
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| What is the major risk factor for the development of Warthin tumor of the parotid galdn? | show 🗑
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| Paralysis of what muscle innervated by CN VII results in hyperacusis? | show 🗑
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| Occlusion of what artery may result in contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Posterior auricular nerve, the nerve to the posterior belly of the digastric, and the nerve to the stylohyoid muscle
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| What is the largest component of the brain? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the carotid body? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the innervation of the carotid body? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Basilar artery
🗑
|
||||
| What cranial nerve originates from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem? | show 🗑
|
||||
| If an epidural hematoma goes untreated, what complication could develop, and what clinical signs would you see? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Occipital lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Where are the parathyroid glands located? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the typical CT findings of an acute subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What nerve supplies the parotid gland? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| Which artery supplies the majority of the supratentorial cranial dura? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Through what foramen does CN XII exit the skull? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Deviates to the opposite side of the injured nerve
🗑
|
||||
| Which electrolyte abnormality is a commonly associated sequela of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Broca's area, Wernicke’s area, and motor & sensory cortices of the contralateral trunk, arm, face
🗑
|
||||
| show | Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the carotid sinus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the innervation of the carotid sinus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The thyroid gland consists of what three functional components? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mesencephalic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| In patients with chronic subdural hematoma, what treatment may result in dramatic improvement? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Birth trauma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Midline (of the body), inferior border of the mandible , and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ligamentum flavum, dura mater and arachnoid
🗑
|
||||
| show | C1 via hypoglossal nerve
🗑
|
||||
| What is the presenting symptom in posterior vermis syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the major functions of the cerebellum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Serves as the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex and in accommodation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ipsilateral blindness and a loss of the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex in the affected eye
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cigarette smoking (most important modifiable risk factor), hypertension, family history
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maxillary teeth, gums, and palate
🗑
|
||||
| What cranial nerves traverse the cavernous sinus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, intorts, and abducts the eye while adducted
🗑
|
||||
| show | A patient may be immediately knocked unconscious and never fully regain consciousness due to the severity of the initial injury.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery
🗑
|
||||
| Which brain hemisphere contains the speech areas? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CN X
🗑
|
||||
| show | Setting sun sign
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the lingual nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the basic function of the trigeminal nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Under what conditions can a patient who has sustained head trauma be sent home without hospitalization? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the arterial blood supply of the thyroid gland? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Medial rectus, the inferior rectus, the superior rectus, and the inferior oblique
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two major extracranial arteries that supply blood to the brain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | β-amyloid protein
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gradual signs of cerebral compression
🗑
|
||||
| show | Subarachnoid hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| How will the cerebrospinal fluid appear in a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the CT appearance of an acute subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypodense crescent-shaped hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Severe head trauma (e.g. car accident)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the etiology of a chronic subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which type of cerebral hematoma is characterized by a lucid interval (brief period of improvement) followed by rapid signs of cerebral compression? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Victims of abuse (e.g., shaken baby syndrome, elderly abuse) and in patients with atrophic brains prone to falls (e.g., alcoholics, elderly)
🗑
|
||||
| Injury to which vessel is associated with epidural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maxillary artery
🗑
|
||||
| What are the surgical options for treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a berry aneurysm? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epidural hematomas
🗑
|
||||
| show | Crescent shaped (concave) hematoma which is less dense than an epidural hematoma due to dilution of the blood by CSF.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Subdural hematoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bridging veins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lumbar puncture
🗑
|
||||
| Which test findings are classically associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Close the mouth & protrude the lips (like kissing)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Buccal branch of CN VII
🗑
|
||||
| show | Close the eyes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Temporal & zygomatic branches of CN VII
🗑
|
||||
| show | Central retinal artery
🗑
|
||||
| What brain structures are supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Elevated opening pressure that relieves the headache
🗑
|
||||
| show | Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| show | The increase in CSF takes place over time, thus allowing the gradual increases in intracranial pressure to be offset by compression of the cerebral hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| In an emergency, what palpable connective tissue membrane in the neck must be cut in order to insert an airway tube directly into the trachea? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What nerve provides parasympathetic input to the organs from the neck to the transverse colon? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common non-traumatic cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What conditions can damage the arachnoid granulations? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Arachnoid granulations
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ependymal cells of the vascular choroid plexus
🗑
|
||||
| What cerebral cistern lies between the cerebral peduncles and contains the bifurcation of the basilar artery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the CSF findings in viral infections? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pontine cistern
🗑
|
||||
| What are the CSF findings in bacterial infections? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the location of the fourth ventricle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Via two lateral foramina (of Luschka) and a medial foramen (of Magendie)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased opening pressure, increased lymphocyte count, increased protein, decreased glucose
🗑
|
||||
| show | Facial nerve (CN VII)
🗑
|
||||
| Which gland is affected by the vast majority of salivary gland tumors (80-85%)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common clinical manifestation of salivary gland tumors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the abducens nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Same side of the injured nerve
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased intracranial pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, severe chorioretinitis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Osteogenesis imperfecta
🗑
|
||||
| show | Choanal atresia (congenital disorder where back of nasal passage is blocked)
🗑
|
||||
| What are Epstein's pearls? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | At the juncture of the sagittal and coronal sutures
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2-3 days
🗑
|
||||
| Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries sensation from the eyes and conjunctiva? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which division of the trigeminal nerve innervates mucosa of the upper mouth, nose, pharynx, palate and upper teeth, and cranial dura? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where is thyroid hormone stored within the thyroid? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Laterally flexes the head to the ipsilateral side and rotates the head to the contralateral side, and flex the cervical spine.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which division of the trigeminal nerve is the only one that carries motor innervation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the pathway for the tearing reflex? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Immediate surgery
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 most commonly used definitive interventions to prevent aneurysmal rebleeding following subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What 2 populations are at increased risk for chronic subdural hematoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Internal carotid artery
🗑
|
||||
| show | The presence of papilledema
🗑
|
||||
| What are the branches of the internal carotid artery in the neck? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dura
🗑
|
||||
| show | Biconvex, lens-shaped hematoma
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 muscles does the accessory nerve (CN XI) innervate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Besides a head CT, what other imaging is indicated in a patient with suspected basilar skull fracture? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sphenopalatine artery
🗑
|
||||
| What is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the nasal septum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | C3, C4 and C5
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the sigmoid sinus drain to? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which regions of the brain does the tentorium cerebelli separate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cerebellar hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| What areas of the skin does the ophthalmic nerve innervate on the face? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | External carotid artery
🗑
|
||||
| show | Skin of the cheek, chin, lower lip and the posterior temple region
🗑
|
||||
| show | Facial nerve (CN VII)
🗑
|
||||
| What type of cell synthesizes calcitonin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscles of mastication
🗑
|
||||
| show | Meninges of the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lowers blood calcium levels
🗑
|
||||
| show | Synthesize, store and secrete thyroid hormone
🗑
|
||||
| What is the stimulus for calcitonin secretion? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cerebral hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rapid craniotomy
🗑
|
||||
| What is the initial diagnostic test performed in the workup of a suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Calcitonin opposes the actions of what other hormone? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A head CT scan
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the pupillary light reflex. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery may result in: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Under normal conditions, what is the primary driver of cerebral blood flow autoregulation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What effect does hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide) have on the brain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vasoconstriction and a decrease in cerebral blood flow
🗑
|
||||
| What nerve innervates the radial muscle of the eye? | show 🗑
|
||||
| From where does the short ciliary nerve originate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the short ciliary nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Corticosteroids
🗑
|
||||
| During a lumbar puncture, where is the tip of the needle located when cerebrospinal fluid is drawn? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | By inserting a needle between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5
🗑
|
||||
| What is the cause of lateral pontine syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ataxia, loss of gag reflex, and Horner’s syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Swelling overlying the fracture site
🗑
|
||||
| show | Below 160 mmHg
🗑
|
||||
| What does a positive Rinne test bilaterally and a Weber test that lateralizes to the right ear indicate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear
🗑
|
||||
| The ophthalmic nerve exits the skull through what structure in the skull? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What 2 structures exit the skull through the optic foramen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How would complete occlusion of the external carotid artery present in a patient? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How would a lesion of the abducens nerve (CN VI) present? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Optic canal
🗑
|
||||
| show | Demyelination of the white matter tracts of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common initial manifestations of optic neuritis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Unilateral decreased visual acuity, “washed out” colors, and pain with eye movements
🗑
|
||||
| show | Severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, gait instability, and limb ataxia
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most commonly damaged nerve from a carotid artery aneurysm? | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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