ch 15 med term
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| medulla | the most internal part of a structure or organ
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| meatus | an opening or tunnel through any part of the body,as in the urinary meatus, which is the external opening of the urethra
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| hydroureter | the distension of the ureter with urine due to blockage from an obstruction
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| hydrostatic pressure | the pressure exerted by a liquid
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| hilum | the depression, or pit of an organ where the vesels and nerves enter
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| glomerulus | a ball shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries located in the cortex of the kidney
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| glomerular filtrate | substances that filter out of the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli
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| fossa | a hollow or depression,especially on the surface of the end of a bone. in the kidney transplantation the donor kidney is surgically placed in the iliac fossa of the recipient
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| dwell time | length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis
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| dialysis | the process of removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so
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| dialystate | solution that contains water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood;also known as "bath"
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| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra. urethritis characterized by dysuria is usually the result of an infection of the bladder or kidneys
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| urethra | a small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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| ureter | one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
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| toxic | poisonous
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| turbid | cloudy
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| uremia | the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood;also called azotemia
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| voiding | the act of eliminating urine from the body;also called micturition or urination
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| vesticocele | herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina;also called a cystocele
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| urine | the fluid released by the kidneys,transported by the uterus,retained in the bladder & is eliminated through the urethra. normal urine is clear,straw colored and slighly acid
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| urination | the act of eliminating urine from the body;also called micturition or voiding
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| albuminuria | the presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protein,usually albumin
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| anuria | the cessation (stopping) of urine production or a urinary output of less than 100 ml per day
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| hematuria | abnormal presence of blood in the urine
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| glycosuria | abnormal presence of a sugar,especially glucose in the urine
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| freguency | the # of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time such as the # of heartbeats per minute;in the case of urinary freq.,urination at short intervals without increase in the daily vol of urinary output due 2 reduced bladder capacity
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| fatigue | a state of exhaustion of loss of strength or endurance such as may follow sternuous physical activity
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| enuresis | a condition of urinary incontinence especially at night in bed;bedwetting
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| bacteriuria | the presence of bacteria in the urine
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| urgency | a feeling of the need to void urine immediatley
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| pyuria | the presence of an excessive number of white blood cells in the urine,usually a sign of an infection of the urinary tract;pus in the urine
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| polyuria | excretion of abnormally large amounts or urine
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| oliguria | secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake;scanty urine output
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| nocturia | urination,especially excessive at night also called nocturia
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| malaise | a vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort often making the onset of disease or infection
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| lethargy | the state or quality of being indifferent, apathetic (without emotion) or sluggish
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| ketonuria | presence of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine
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| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| glomerulonephritis (acute) | an inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys
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| hydronenephrosis | distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter
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| renal calcui | stone formation in the kidney
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| pyelonnephritis (acute) | a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney
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| polycystic kidney disease | a herditary disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike fluid-filled sacs or cysts replace normal kidney tissue
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| nephrotic syndrome | a group of clinical symptoms occurring when damage to the glomerulus of the kidney is present and large quantities or protein are lost through the glomeruluar membrane into the urine resulting in severe proteinuria(nehhrosis)
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| vesicoureteral reflux | an abnormal backflow(reflux) of urine from the bladder to the ureter
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| renal failure, chronic (uremia) | progressively slow development of kidney failure occurring over a period of years. the late stages of chronic renal failure are known as end-stage renal disease(esrd)
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| renal cell carcinoma | a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in adulthood
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| peritoneal dialysis | mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of waste products,draw off excess fluids, & regulate body chemistry when the kidneys fail to function properly
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| wilm's tumor | a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring predominately in childhood
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| hemodialysis | the process of removing excess & toxins from the blood by continually shunting the patients blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering & then returning the clean blood 2 the patients bloodstream
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| kidney transplantation | involves the surgical implantation of a healthy human donor kidney onto the body of a patient with irreversible renal failure.kidney function is restored with a successful transplant & the patient is no longer dependent on dialysis
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| blood urea nitrogen (bun) | blood test performed to determine the amount of urea and nitrogen (waste products normally excreted by the kidney)present in the blood
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| catheterization | the introduction of a catheter (flexible hollow tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or to remove a fluid
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| creatinine clearance test | a diagnostic test for kidney function that measures the filtration rate of creatinine, a waste product (of muscle metabolism)normally removed by the kidney
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| cystometrography | an examination performed to evaluate bladder tone;measuring bladder pressure during filing and voiding
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| urine culture | a procedure used to cultivate the growth of bacteria present in a urine specimen for proper microscopic identification of the specific pathogen (disease producing microorganism)
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| renal scan | a procedure in which a radioactive isotope(tracer)is injected intravenously & the radioactivity over each kidney is measured as the tracer passes through the kidney
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| retograde pyelogram (rp) | radiographic procedure in which small-caliber catheters are passed through a cystoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis
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| clean catch specimen | this collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia
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| 24 hour urine specimen | a collection of all of the urine excreted by the individual over a 24 hr period.the urine is collected on one large container.this urine specimen is also called composite urine specimen
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| voiding cystourethrography | x ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process,after the bladder has been filled with a contrast material
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