needle safety and medication injection (general patient care)
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| checking medication order | name of medication, dosage, time, and rout of administration. the first check is to compare the medication order to the medication.
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| injection equipment and supplies | syringes, needles, alcohol swabs, gauze, adhesive bandage, sharps container, biohazard container, a tray, nonsterile gloves.
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| gauge | describes the diameter of the lumen of the needle. the lower the number the wider the lumen.
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| gauge sizes | range from 14 to 31. with 14 being the largest and 31 being the smallest.
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| needle lengths | length indicates the distance from the hilt to the point of the needle. range from 3/8 to 4 inches.
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| intradermal lengths | gauge: 27-28 needle length: 3/8 in
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| subcutaneous lengths | gauge: 25-26 needle length: 1/2, 5/8 in
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| intramuscular lengths | gauge 20-23 needle length: 1-3 in
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| deltoid muscle site | 1-2 in below acromion. 90 degree angle. many adults and older children use this route for vaccines.
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| ventral gluteal muscle site | 90 degree angle. this is used when deep IM injections are prescribed or larger quantities of medicines are needed.
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| vastus lateralis muscle site | mid to upper outer thigh. 90 degree angle. routinely used for vaccines and medication administration for infants and children younger than 3 years.
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| subcutaneous | 45 degree angle. do not aspirate vaccines, insulin or heparin. common sites include upper outer arm, abdomen, and thigh.
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| intradermal | forearm and upper back for testing. 10-15 degree angle. most common site for TB testing is the mid forearm. the back is usually used for allergy testing.
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| oral | in the mouth
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| buccal | between the cheek and gums resulting in rapid absorption.
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| sublingual | under the tongue
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| inhalation | typically used for targeted areas such as the bronchial passages. can be delivered via nebulizer
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| topical | designed to react locally and systematic absorption is minimal.
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| mucosal | designed to absorb into and through the mucous membranes.
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| transdermal | for continuous slow absorption of various medications.
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| vaccines | administered to provide immunity from specific diseases that lead to morbidity or mortality.
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