Prefixes, suffixes, and root words
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| Combining forms |
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| col/o | colon, large intestine
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| cardi/o | heart
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| my/o | muscle
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| mamm/o | breast
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| cyst/o | pelvis
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| pelv/o | bladder
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| crani/o | cranium (skull)
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| erythr/o | red
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| Diagnostic suffixes |
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| -algia | pain
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| -emia | blood condition
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -meter | measure
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| -oma | tumor, mass
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| -osis | abnormal condition
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| -pathy | disease condition
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| -rrhagia | bursting forth of blood
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| -rrhea | discharge, flow
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| -scopy | to view
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| Procedural suffixes |
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| -centesis | surgical puncture
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| -ectomy | removal, resection, excision
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| -gram | record
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| -lysis | separation, breakdown, destruction
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| -pexy | surgical fixation
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -rrhaphy | suture
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| -scopy | visual examination
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| -stomy | opening
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| -therapy | treatment
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| -tomy | incision, to cut into
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| Prefixes |
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| a-, an- | without
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| ante- | before
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| anti- | against
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| brady- | slow
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| dys- | painful, difficult
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| endo- | inside, within
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| epi- | upon, above
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| ex- | out, out of
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| hemi- | half, partial
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| hypo- | below, deficient
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| infra- | below
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| inter- | between
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| neo- | new
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| pan- | all
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| para- | beside
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| per- | through
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| poly- | many
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| pre- | before, in front of
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| pseudo- | false
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| Root words |
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| arth | joint
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| cephal | head
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| cholecyst | gall bladder
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| chondro | cartilage
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| colp | vagina
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| derm | skin
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| enter | intestine
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| episi | vulva
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| gastro | stomach
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| gloss | tongue
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| hepato | liver
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| hyster | uterus
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| lapar | abdomen
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| lact | milk
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| lith | stone
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| mast | breast
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| myo | muscle
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| nat | birth
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| oophor | ovary
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| Anatomical directional terms |
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| Coronal, forward | vertical plane dividing the body into front and back surfaces
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| Transverse | horizontal plane dividing the body into top and bottom sections
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| Sagittal | vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides
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| Medial | middle of the body structure
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| Lateral | pertaining to the side
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| Inferior | below
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| Distal | far from origin, away from
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| Anterior, ventral | front of the body surface
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| Posterior, dorsal | back of the body surface
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| Superior | above
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| Proximal | near the origin, closer
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