neuroanatomy- blood supply
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| internal carotid artery | lies within the cavernous sinus
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| internal carotid artery | supplies tributaries to the dura, hypophysis, tympanic cavity and trigeminal ganglion
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| internal carotid artery | gives branches to the optic nerve, optic chiasm, hypothalamus, and genu of the internal capsule
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| central artery of retina | branch of the ophthalmic artery, occlusion results in blindness, supplies inner 5 layers of retina
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| posterior communicating artery | supplies optic chiasm nad tract, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and anterior half of the ventral portion of thalamus; arises from carotid siphon and joins posterior cerebral
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| anterior choroidal | arises from the internal carotid; supplies the choriod plexus of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, hippocampus, amygdale, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, globus pallidus
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| anterior cerebral artery | gives direct branches to optic chiasm; supplies the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes and corpus callosum: supplies leg and foot area of the motor and sensory cortices
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| anterior communicating artery | connects two anterior cerebral arteries
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| middle cerebral artery | supplies lateral convexity of the hemisphere and underlying insula; supplies trunk, arm, and face area of the motor and sensory cortices; supplies Broca’s and Wernicke’s
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| vertebral arteries | is a branch of the subclavian artery
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| vertebral arteries | joins its opposite partner to form the basilar
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| posterior inferior cerebellar artery | gives rise to posterior spinal artery; supplies the dorsolateral zone of the medulla; supplies the inferior surface of the cerebellum and the choriod plexus of the 4th ventricle; supplies CN IX and X
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| basilar artery | formed by two vertebral arteries
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| pontine arteries | supply the corticospinal tracts and CNVI
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| labrynthine artery | perfuses the cochlea and the vestibular apparatus
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| anterior inferior cerebellar artery | supplies the inferior surface of the cerebellum; supplies the facial nucleus,spinal trigeminal nucleas and tract, vestibular nuclei, cochlear nuclei, spinothalamic tract
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| superior cerebellar artery | supplies the superior surface of the cerebellum and the cerebellar nuclei; supplies the rostal and lateral pons
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| posterior cerebral artery | formed by bifurcation of the basilar artery; provides major blood supply to midbrain; supplies occipital lobe, visual cortex and inferior surface of the temporal lobe
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| arterial circle of willis | formed by the anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, and internal carotid, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral arteries
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| arterial circle of willis | gives off penetrating arteries to supply the ventral diencephalons and the midbrain
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| meningial arteries | supply the intracranial dura
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| meningial arteries | usually arise from the branches of the external carotid artery
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| anterior meningial arteries | arise from the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries; supply the dura of the anterior cranial fossa
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| middle meningial arthery | branch of the maxillary artery; enters cranium via foramen spinosum; supplies most of the dura; laceration results in epidural hematoma
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| posterior meningeal arteries | are branches of ascending pharyngeal, vertebral, and occipital arteries; supply the dura of the posterior cranial fossa
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| superficial cerebral viens | devoid of valves and lie along surface sulci
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| superficial cerebral viens | arise form the cortex and subcortical medullary substance and terminate in the dural sinuses
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| superficial cerebral viens | lie superficial to arteries and are considered meningeal veins
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| superior cerebral veins | drain into the superior sagittal sinus; laceration results in subdural hematoma
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| middle cerebral vein | overlies lateral sulcus and drains into cavernous sinus; communicates with the transverse sinus
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| inferior cerebral veins | drain the inferior lateral and basal surface of the hemisphere
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| medial cerebral veins | drain medial surface of hemisphere, including the corpus callosum, into the inferior sagittal sinus
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| basal vein | drains the orbital surface of the frontal love, insula, and sorpus stiratum; encircles the brainstem and drains into the great vein of galen
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| internal cerebral veins | paired parallel vessles situated lateral to the midline and on the roof of the 3rd ventricle
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| internal cerebral veins | join the great vein of galen
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| great cerebral vein of galen | located below the splenium of the corpus callosum in transverse cerebral fissure
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| great cerebral vein of galen | receives two internal cerebral veins, two basal veins, two occipital veins and the posterior callosal vein
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| great cerebral vein of galen | joins the inferior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus
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| venous dural sinuses | are endothelial lined valveless channels whose walls are formed by two layers of dura matter
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| venous dural sinuses | collect blood from the superficial and deep cerebral veins and the calvarium and represent the major drainage pathway of the cranial cavity
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| venous dural sinuses | receive arachnoid granulations and absorb CSF
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| superior sagittal sinus | extends from the foramen cecum to the internal occipital protuberance and usually terminates in the right transverse sinus; communicates with the nasal emissary veins; receives superficial cerebral veins, diploic veins, and parietal emissary veins
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| inferior sagittal sinus | courses in the inferior free edge of the falx cerebri; joins the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus
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| straight sinus | is formed by the great cerebral vein and the inferior sagittal sinus; terminates at the internal occipital protuberance and usually drains into the left transverse sinus; drains the superior surface of the cerebellum
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| left and right transverse sinuses | originate at the confluence of the sinuses and coutse anterolaterally along the edge of the entorium cerebelli to become the sigmoid sinus; receives venous blood from the termporal and occipital lobes
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| confluence of the sinuses | lies at the internal occipital protuberance; is formed by the unsion of the superior sagittal, straight, and transverse sinuses
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| sigmoid sinus | is a continuation of the transverse sinus; passes inferiorly and medially into the jugular foramen
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| spenoparietal sinus | lies along the curve of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and drains into the cavernous sinus
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| superior petrosal sinus | extends from the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus; receives tributaries from the pons, medulla, cerebellum, and inner ear
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| inferior petrosal sinus | passes between glossopharyngeal (9) and vagal nerves and drains into the jugular bulb; receives major venous drainage from the inferior portion of the cerebellum; drains the cavernous sinus and clival plexus into the internal jugular vein
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| cavernous sinus | surrounds sella turcica and the body of the sphenoid bone; contains within the simus, the internal carotid artery, sympathetic plexus, and abducent nerve; contains within the lateral wall of the sinus, the CN III, IV, V1, V2; receives blood from
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