Anatomy
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| Ankle: Medial (deltoid) ligament | Tibionavicular part; Tibiocalcaneal part; Tibiotalar part (ant and post)
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| Ankle: Lateral ligament | Ant talofibular lig; Post talofibular lig; Calcaneofibular lig
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| Multiple joints contribute to: | mobility of foot
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| Ankle joint: movement | Dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
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| Subtalar joint: movement | Inversion/ eversion of foot
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| Intertarsal joints: movement | Inversion/ eversion of foot
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| Tarsometatarsal joints: movement | Limited sliding movements; Inc movement at 1st metatarsal
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| MTP joints: movement | Flex/ ext, ltd ab/adduction, circumduction
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| Interphalangeal joints: movement | Flexion/ extension
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| Arches (2) = | Longitudinal; Transverse arch
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| Arches: fn | absorb and distribute force from the body
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| Longitudinal arch is highest where: | medially
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| Arches supported by ligs & tendons: | Plantar aponeurosis; Long/ short plantar ligs; Tibialis ant/ post tendons; Fib longus tendon
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| Fascia of sole of foot wrt skin: | is tightly adherent to skin
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| Fibrous septa: fn | anchor skin and create fat-filled spaces for shock absorption
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| Deep fascia of foot forms: | plantar aponeurosis
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| Ankle sprain/ fx | eversion or inversion injury
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| Eversion injury: assoc with: | medial tears of ankle (eg tibiotalar lig, Tibionavicular; Tibiocalcaneal)
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| Inversion injury: assoc with: | lateral tears of ankle
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| Potts fx = | aka bimalleolar fracture; shears off other malleolus
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| talus fx => | Avascular necrosis
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| trimalleolar fx assoc w: | ant lip of tibia (plus malleoli)
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| Bunion = | sublux of big toe joint due to malalignment of first metatarsal (aka Hallus valgus)
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| Plantar fasciitis: assoc with | microtears of planta fascia (can lead to calcaneal spurs)
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| Mallet toe injury: | avulsion injury of first extensor hood to distal phalanx
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| Hammer & claw: | imbalance of tendons of foot (e.g., wearing heels long time: shortens tendons)
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| Dorsum: Extrinsic mx tendons | EHL; EDL
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| Dorsum: Intrinsic mx | EHB; Ext digit brevis
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| Plantar: Extrinsic mx tendons | FHL; FDL
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| Plantar: Intrinsic mx tendons | Abd HB/abd digiti minimi; FDB/FHB/F digit minimi brevis; Quadratus plantae; Lumbricals; Add hall; Interossei
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| Foot mx: Layer 1 | Abd hall; FDB; abd digit minimi
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| Tendon of FDL passes through: | tendon of FDB (as in hand); Held to digits by fibrous digital sheaths
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| Foot mx: Layer 2 | Tendons of extrinsic flexors (FDL, FHL); Quadratus plantae; Lumbricals
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| Foot: Layer 3: | FHB; Adductor hallucis; Flexor digiti minimi brevis
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| FHB: 2 heads: origins | Lateral head from cuboid; Medial head from tendon of tib post
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| FHB tendons contain: | sesamoid bones that lie inferior to the 1st MTP joint
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| Adductor hallucis: Heads | Oblique and transverse heads
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| Foot: Layer 4: | Plantar interossei; Dorsal interossei
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| Tibial nerve splits into: | Lateral plantar n.; Medial plantar n.
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| Blood Supply to Foot: anterior | Ant tibial a. => Dorsalis pedis a. => Arcuate a. => Dorsal metatarsal arts => Dorsal digital arts
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| Blood Supply to Foot: posterior: Post tibial a. | Post tibial a. => Lateral plantar a. => Deep plantar arch => Plantar digital arts =>
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| Blood Supply to Foot: posterior: Medial plantar a. | Medial plantar a. => Superficial plantar arch => Plantar digital arts
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| Dorsum mx of foot: all innervated by: | Deep fib n.
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| Foot mx: Layers 1-4: innervated by: | tibial n.
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| Common fib n. gives off: | Superficial fib n.; Deep fib n.
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| Superficial fib nerve innervates: | Skin over dorsum of foot
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| Deep fibular nerve innervates: | All mx of dorsal foot except EHB & EDB
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| Tibial nerve: gives off: | Medial plantar n.; Lateral plantar n.
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| Mx of plantar foot: innervation | Have split innervation btw Medial plantar n. & Lateral plantar n.
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| Action: Abductor hallucis | Abduct great toe
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| Action: Flexor digitorum brevis | Flex digits 2-5 at MTP and PIP joints
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| Action: Abductor digiti minimi | Abducts fifth digit
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| Action: Quadratus plantae | Assists FDL by attaching to FDL tendon
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| Action: Lumbricals | Flexion of MTP joints, extension of IP joints
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| Action: Adductor hallucis | Adduct great toe
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| Action: Flexor digiti minimi brevis | Flex fifth digit
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| Action: Plantar interossei | Adduct toes
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| Action: Dorsal interossei | Abduct toes
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| Action: FHB | Flex big toe
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| Dorsum: Extrinsic mx | EHL; EDL
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| Dorsum: Intrinsic mx | EHB; EDB
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| Plantar Foot: Extrinsic mx | FHL; FDL
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| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 1 | Abd HB; FDB; Abd dig min
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| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 2 | tendons of FDL/FHL; quad plantae; lumbricals
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| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 3 | FHB; Add hall; F dig min brev
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| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 4 | PI; DI
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| Abd Hall: attach: | Calcaneus TO prox phalanx of hallux
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| Abd dig min: attach: | Calcaneus TO prox phalanx of 5
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| FDB: attach: | Calcaneus TO middle phalanges of 2-5
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| EHL: attach: | fibula TO distal of 1
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| EDL: attach: | Tibia & fibula TO middle & distal of 2-5
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| EHB: attach: | Calcaneus TO base of 1
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| EDB: attach: | Calcaneus TO ext hoods of 2-4
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| FHB: attach: | cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior TO prox phalanx of 1
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| F dig min brev: attach: | Base of metatarsal 5 TO Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5
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| Quad plantae: attach: | Calcaneus TO FDL tendon
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| Lumbricals: attach: | FDL tendon TO Extensor expansion over lateral 4 digits
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| Add hall: attach: | Trans head: MTP joints of toes 3-5; Oblique head: base of metatarsals 2-4; TO prox phalanx of 1
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| PI: attach: | MT 3-5 TO prox phalanges of 3-5
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| DI: attach: | MT 1-5 TO phalanges of 2-4
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Created by:
Abarnard
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