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Foot Anatomy
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ankle: Medial (deltoid) ligament | Tibionavicular part; Tibiocalcaneal part; Tibiotalar part (ant and post) |
| Ankle: Lateral ligament | Ant talofibular lig; Post talofibular lig; Calcaneofibular lig |
| Multiple joints contribute to: | mobility of foot |
| Ankle joint: movement | Dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion |
| Subtalar joint: movement | Inversion/ eversion of foot |
| Intertarsal joints: movement | Inversion/ eversion of foot |
| Tarsometatarsal joints: movement | Limited sliding movements; Inc movement at 1st metatarsal |
| MTP joints: movement | Flex/ ext, ltd ab/adduction, circumduction |
| Interphalangeal joints: movement | Flexion/ extension |
| Arches (2) = | Longitudinal; Transverse arch |
| Arches: fn | absorb and distribute force from the body |
| Longitudinal arch is highest where: | medially |
| Arches supported by ligs & tendons: | Plantar aponeurosis; Long/ short plantar ligs; Tibialis ant/ post tendons; Fib longus tendon |
| Fascia of sole of foot wrt skin: | is tightly adherent to skin |
| Fibrous septa: fn | anchor skin and create fat-filled spaces for shock absorption |
| Deep fascia of foot forms: | plantar aponeurosis |
| Ankle sprain/ fx | eversion or inversion injury |
| Eversion injury: assoc with: | medial tears of ankle (eg tibiotalar lig, Tibionavicular; Tibiocalcaneal) |
| Inversion injury: assoc with: | lateral tears of ankle |
| Potts fx = | aka bimalleolar fracture; shears off other malleolus |
| talus fx => | Avascular necrosis |
| trimalleolar fx assoc w: | ant lip of tibia (plus malleoli) |
| Bunion = | sublux of big toe joint due to malalignment of first metatarsal (aka Hallus valgus) |
| Plantar fasciitis: assoc with | microtears of planta fascia (can lead to calcaneal spurs) |
| Mallet toe injury: | avulsion injury of first extensor hood to distal phalanx |
| Hammer & claw: | imbalance of tendons of foot (e.g., wearing heels long time: shortens tendons) |
| Dorsum: Extrinsic mx tendons | EHL; EDL |
| Dorsum: Intrinsic mx | EHB; Ext digit brevis |
| Plantar: Extrinsic mx tendons | FHL; FDL |
| Plantar: Intrinsic mx tendons | Abd HB/abd digiti minimi; FDB/FHB/F digit minimi brevis; Quadratus plantae; Lumbricals; Add hall; Interossei |
| Foot mx: Layer 1 | Abd hall; FDB; abd digit minimi |
| Tendon of FDL passes through: | tendon of FDB (as in hand); Held to digits by fibrous digital sheaths |
| Foot mx: Layer 2 | Tendons of extrinsic flexors (FDL, FHL); Quadratus plantae; Lumbricals |
| Foot: Layer 3: | FHB; Adductor hallucis; Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
| FHB: 2 heads: origins | Lateral head from cuboid; Medial head from tendon of tib post |
| FHB tendons contain: | sesamoid bones that lie inferior to the 1st MTP joint |
| Adductor hallucis: Heads | Oblique and transverse heads |
| Foot: Layer 4: | Plantar interossei; Dorsal interossei |
| Tibial nerve splits into: | Lateral plantar n.; Medial plantar n. |
| Blood Supply to Foot: anterior | Ant tibial a. => Dorsalis pedis a. => Arcuate a. => Dorsal metatarsal arts => Dorsal digital arts |
| Blood Supply to Foot: posterior: Post tibial a. | Post tibial a. => Lateral plantar a. => Deep plantar arch => Plantar digital arts => |
| Blood Supply to Foot: posterior: Medial plantar a. | Medial plantar a. => Superficial plantar arch => Plantar digital arts |
| Dorsum mx of foot: all innervated by: | Deep fib n. |
| Foot mx: Layers 1-4: innervated by: | tibial n. |
| Common fib n. gives off: | Superficial fib n.; Deep fib n. |
| Superficial fib nerve innervates: | Skin over dorsum of foot |
| Deep fibular nerve innervates: | All mx of dorsal foot except EHB & EDB |
| Tibial nerve: gives off: | Medial plantar n.; Lateral plantar n. |
| Mx of plantar foot: innervation | Have split innervation btw Medial plantar n. & Lateral plantar n. |
| Action: Abductor hallucis | Abduct great toe |
| Action: Flexor digitorum brevis | Flex digits 2-5 at MTP and PIP joints |
| Action: Abductor digiti minimi | Abducts fifth digit |
| Action: Quadratus plantae | Assists FDL by attaching to FDL tendon |
| Action: Lumbricals | Flexion of MTP joints, extension of IP joints |
| Action: Adductor hallucis | Adduct great toe |
| Action: Flexor digiti minimi brevis | Flex fifth digit |
| Action: Plantar interossei | Adduct toes |
| Action: Dorsal interossei | Abduct toes |
| Action: FHB | Flex big toe |
| Dorsum: Extrinsic mx | EHL; EDL |
| Dorsum: Intrinsic mx | EHB; EDB |
| Plantar Foot: Extrinsic mx | FHL; FDL |
| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 1 | Abd HB; FDB; Abd dig min |
| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 2 | tendons of FDL/FHL; quad plantae; lumbricals |
| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 3 | FHB; Add hall; F dig min brev |
| Plantar Foot: Intrinsic Layer 4 | PI; DI |
| Abd Hall: attach: | Calcaneus TO prox phalanx of hallux |
| Abd dig min: attach: | Calcaneus TO prox phalanx of 5 |
| FDB: attach: | Calcaneus TO middle phalanges of 2-5 |
| EHL: attach: | fibula TO distal of 1 |
| EDL: attach: | Tibia & fibula TO middle & distal of 2-5 |
| EHB: attach: | Calcaneus TO base of 1 |
| EDB: attach: | Calcaneus TO ext hoods of 2-4 |
| FHB: attach: | cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior TO prox phalanx of 1 |
| F dig min brev: attach: | Base of metatarsal 5 TO Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5 |
| Quad plantae: attach: | Calcaneus TO FDL tendon |
| Lumbricals: attach: | FDL tendon TO Extensor expansion over lateral 4 digits |
| Add hall: attach: | Trans head: MTP joints of toes 3-5; Oblique head: base of metatarsals 2-4; TO prox phalanx of 1 |
| PI: attach: | MT 3-5 TO prox phalanges of 3-5 |
| DI: attach: | MT 1-5 TO phalanges of 2-4 |
Created by:
Abarnard
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