vi sinh
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| Flagella | Rope - like
Composed flagellin
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| Functions of antibodies | Blocking the pathogen
Recruiting or helping other cells that will kill the pathogen
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| Bac Cell membrane has | Phos pholipid bilager
No sterols
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| Fimbriae | hair like
work as adhesins
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| Bac structure has | Genetic elements: Chromosome, Plasmids, Transposable elements
Ribosomes
Protein
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| Chromosomes | contain genes (Double - stranded)
Proka: One single circular
Euka: Have multiple
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| The basic bac shape | Coccus (tròn)
Bacillus (que)
Curved (liềm, cung)
Spiral (quăn)
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| Plasmids | replicate separately from chromosome
Are circular double stranded DNA
Can transferred to another bacterium
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| Aerobic metabolism | Utilizing oxygen
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| Anaerobic metabolism | Without utilizing oxygen
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| Transposeble elements | Segments of DNA that can move to other site on a DNA
have in both proka and Euka
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| Transposeble elements types | Insertion sequences
Transposons
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| To avoid toxic of oxi | need ez Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Peroxidase
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| Insertion sequences | Very simple, only genetic information required for them to move
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| Obligated aerobe | Growth with oxi
Needed oxi
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| Transposons | Larger, Contain other genes
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| Obligated anaerobe | Growth without oxi
Oxi is toxic
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| Facultative anearobe | can grow with or without oxygen utilized if available
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| Transposeons may moving by | Cut themselves to another Location
Replicate prior (cắt nhỏ) to move
Jump to a plasmid then transferred to another Bac
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| Bac wall | Made of peptidoglycan (mucopeptid)
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| Microaerophilic aerobe | need low of O2 (~2%-10%)
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| Gram + | Thick peptidoglycan layer
Narrow periplusonce space
Has: Teichoic acid
Don't have outer membrane
Toxins: Exotoxins
High permeability (tính thấm)
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| aerotolerant anaerobe | do not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in oxi
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| Gram - | Bilayer
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Wide periplusonce space
Has: Lipopolysaccharide, Lipoprotein
Have outer membrane
Toxins: Exotoxins and edotoxins
Low permeability (tính thấm)
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| Cell division in bac | usually occurs by Binary fission
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| two type of teichoic acids | Wall teichoic acids
Lipoteichoic acids has fatty acids
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| binary fission | A process in which one cell divides to form two daughter cells
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| teichoic acids function | For cell wall maintenance ( duy trì thành tế bào) during cell division and adheston
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| Endospores | are produced in response to environmental, metabolic and cell cycle Signals
NOT metabolically active
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| Porins | special channels for transporting chemical compounds
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| Bac endospore is | A single one forms inside Bao in response to non favorable conditions
For Surviving
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| Fungal spores | Produced in great numbers
For reproduction
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| Lipopolysaccharide include | Lipid A ( endotoxin)
Polysaccharide
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| Extracellular bac | Do not survive inside host cell
Can live in extracellular environment
Are most Bac
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| Polysaccharide has two components | Core: species of Bac
O - antigen
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| Three group of Bac | Extracellular
Facultative intracellular
Obligate intracellular
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| O antigen | Long linear polysaccharide of 50-100 repeating units of 4 to 7 sugars per unit
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| Facultative intracellular Bac | Can invade host cell
Can live in extracellular environment
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| Lipoproteins | Cross-link the outer mem and peptidoglycan
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| Obligate intracellular Bac | Need to invade host cell
Can not live in extracellular environment
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| Glucocalyx | Coating of macromolecules, protect cell and help adhere to environments
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| A brofilm | is a community of microbes
In a sticky matrix attached to a surface (có chất kết dính ở bề mặt)
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| Based on chemical composition Glucocalyx has 2 type | Slime layer: loose shield
Capsule: Thicker, sticky gummy consistency
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| A major viruleace factor | Capsule type of Glucocalyx
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| Bac within a biofilm | cooperate with each other
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| biofilms are ____________ to antibiotics | very resistant
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| The capsule virulence because | protects bacteria
Can work as an adhesin
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