Staining
Help!
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| show | Formed as a result of chemical action -
fixation, processing,
usually on tissue, not w/i cell,
e.g. formalin, mercury, chrome pigments
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| show | From outside the body,
carbon pigment, asbestos fibers,
tattoo pigments, metals - normal (iron) or pathologic (copper)
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| show | Seen in lung & lymph node,
resists bleaching & extration,
insol. in conc'd sulfuric acid - use to differentiate
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| Asbestos fibers | show 🗑
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| show | From blood, e.g. hemoglobin, hemosiderin, biliverdin
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| Hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| show | Yellow to brown pigment,
stored iron (Fe2+),
usu. in marrow, pathologic elsewhere (liver),
differentiate from other yellow-brown pigments
w/ Prussian blue rxn
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| Hemochromatosis | show 🗑
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| show | Greenish bile pigment,
prod'd from destruction of rbc,
liver red. to bilirubin - remove from circulation,
abnormal accumulation - jaundice, pigment in bile canaliculi, cytoplasm of Kupffer cells & hepatocytes
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| show | Similar to bilirubin, ox. to bilirubin,
formed as result of hemorrhage & red'd O2 tension
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| Endogenous nonhematogenous pigments | show 🗑
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| Melanin pigment | show 🗑
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| show | "Wear & tear" pigment,
yellow-brown,
in more permanent cells (heart, liver, neurons)
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| show | Brownish-yellow,
hepatocytes & macrophages of rats w/ cirrhosis,
rarely seen in humans
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| What stains for lipofuscin & ceroid pigments? | show 🗑
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| show | Urate crytals (gouty tophi),
chronic gout may deposit in soft tissue too,
sol. in water, alcoholic fix.,
birefringent w/ polarizing,
demo w/ argentaffin rxn
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| show | Special stains can demo: Ca2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Cu2+,
PO43+, CO32+, silver, lead, copper, gold,
microincineration can be used to ID inorganic components
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| show | Adrenal chromaffin granules, pancreatic endocrine cells,
GI enterochromaffin cells, "C" cells of thyroid,
some pituitary cells,
are APUD cells
demo w/ argyrophil or argentaffin rxns,
fixative v. important
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| show | Have high uptake of amine-precursors & ability to decarboxylate
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| Best fixative for chromaffin granules? | show 🗑
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| Argentaffin granules of GI are destroyed by? | show 🗑
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| show | Acetic acid
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| show | Detect ferric (Fe3+) iron,
usu. small amount in marrow & spleen,
large deposits - hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis
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| show | Fixative: alcohol or 10% NBF,
QC: section w/ Fe3+, don't want excess iron,
chemically clean glassware,
iron-free reagents
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| show | potassium ferrocyanide 2% (bind Fe3+)
HCl 2% (acidify)
nuclear-fast red
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| show | nuclei & hemofuchsin - bright red
hemosiderin (iron) - blue
background - pink
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| Nuclear-fast red solution | show 🗑
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| Fixation for iron demo: | show 🗑
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| show | Detect ferrous (Fe2+) iron,
ferrous iron v. toxic, not normally stored,
easily absorbed by intestine but converted to ferric,
used w/ Schmorl technique
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| Turnball blue stain facts | show 🗑
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| Turnball blue stain solutions | show 🗑
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| Turnball blue stain results | show 🗑
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| Potassium ferricyanide staining solution | show 🗑
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| show | Indicate reducing substances - will red. ferric ions,
stains melanin, argentaffin granules, formalin pigment,
mostly replaced by IHC
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| Schmorl technique facts | show 🗑
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| show | ferric chloride-potassium ferricyanide working soln. pH 2.4
Mayer mucicarmine soln. or metanil yellow
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| Schmorl technique results | show 🗑
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| Mayer mucicarmine solution | show 🗑
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| Fontana-Masson & microwave Fontana-Masson stains purpose | show 🗑
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| show | Fixative: 10% NBF, avoid alcohol
QC: skin for melanin,
small intestine or appendix for argentaffin granules,
Melanoma, tumor w/ argentaffin granules,
chemically clean glassware, nonmetallic instruments
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| show | Fontana silver nitrate w/ NH4OH
gold chloride
sodium thiosulfate
nuclear-fast red
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| Fontana-Masson stain results | show 🗑
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| Microwave Fontana-Masson stain solutions | show 🗑
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| Microwave Fontana-Masson stain results | show 🗑
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| show | Demo argyrophil granules in neurosecretory tumors,
also stains argentaffin substances
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| Grimelius stain facts | show 🗑
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| Grimelius stain solutions | show 🗑
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| Grimelius stain results | show 🗑
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| Grimelius working silver solution | show 🗑
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| show | hydroquinone
sodium sulfite
dH2O
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| show | Stain w/ both Grimelius (argyophil) & Fontana-Masson (argentaffin) & compare
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| show | Demo argyrophil granules in neurosecretory tumors
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| show | QC: argyrophil-positive carcinoid tumor preferred,
can use small intestine,
chemically clean glassware, nonmetallic forceps
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| show | acidified water pH 4.0 to 4.2
silver nitrate 0.5%
reducing solution
nuclear-fast red
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| Churukian-Schenk method results | show 🗑
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| show | citric acid-glycine soln.
silver nitrate 0.5%
reducing solution
nuclear-fast red
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| Microwave Churukian-Schenk method results | show 🗑
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| Gomori methenamine-silver method purpose | show 🗑
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| Gomori methenamine-silver method facts | show 🗑
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| show | working methenamine-silver nitrate
sodium thiosulfate
light green w/ acetic acid
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| show | urates - black
background - green
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| Bile stain purpose | show 🗑
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| show | Fouchet reagent
van Gieson
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| Bile stain results | show 🗑
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| Fouchet reagent solution | show 🗑
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| van Gieson solution | show 🗑
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| show | ID calcium in tissue,
detects anions bound to calcium, not the calcium itself
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| von Kossa stain facts | show 🗑
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| show | silver nitrate
sunlight
sodium thiosulfate
nuclear-fast red
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| show | calcium salts - black
background - red
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| show | ID calcium in tissue,
reaction product is birefringent
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| show | Fixative: alcoholic formalin or 10% NBF
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| Alizarin Red S staining solution | show 🗑
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| Alizarin Red S stain results | show 🗑
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| Rhodanine & microwave Rhodanine methods purpose | show 🗑
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| Rhodanine & microwave Rhondanine methods facts | show 🗑
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| Rhodanine method solutions | show 🗑
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| Rhodanine method results | show 🗑
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| show | working Rhodanine w/ sodium acetate-formalin
Mayer hematoxylin w/ dH2O
borax
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| Microwave Rhodanine method results | show 🗑
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| show | 5-(p-dimethylamino-benyzlidine) rhodanine
abs. ethanol
dH2O
filter
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| Pigment | show 🗑
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| show | Melanomas,
Addison's disease
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| Prussian blue vs. Turnball blue | show 🗑
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| Fontana Masson w/ melanin bleach | show 🗑
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| Argentaffin stains | show 🗑
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| show | Reticulin, Holmes,
Bielschowsky, Warthin-Starry,
Dieterle, Steiner & Steiner,
Grimelius, Churukian-Schenk
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| show | Is a reducing substance,
may give positive rxn to Schmorl & Fontana-Masson
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| Chloroacetate Esterase (Leder) stain purpose | show 🗑
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| Stained starch granules show: | show 🗑
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| show | Fe2+, toxic, not normally stored,
Turnbull blue
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| Ferric ions | show 🗑
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