Anatomy Test 3
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The pulmonary circuit does what? | takes blood to and from the lungs
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| The systemic circuit does what? | the vessels transport blood to and from body tissues
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| What does the atria do? | receive blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits
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| What are the ventricles? | the pumping chambers of the heart
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| What side of the heart is the pulmonary pump? What does the pulmonary pump do? | 1. Right side of the heart
2. propels oxygen- poor blood to the lungs
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| Where is the superior right corner of the heart? | 3rd costal cartilage at sternum
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| Where is the superior left corner of the heart? | 2nd costal cartilage lateral to sternum
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| Where is the inferior right corner of the heart? | 6th costal cartilage lateral to the sternum
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| Where is the inferior left corner of the heart? | 5th intercostal space midclavicular line
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| What is the largest organ in the mediastinum? | the heart
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| What are the structures in the mediastinum? | heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and many large blood and lymphatic vessels, all surrounded by loose connective tissue and fat
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| Where is the heart in the mediastinum? | -located between the lungs
-lies directly behind the sternum and costal cartilages
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| What is the pericardium? | "around the heart" 3-layer sac
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| What are the two types of Pericardium? | 1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Serous pericardium
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| What is the fibrous pericardium? | -outer layer
-strong layer of dense connective tissue
-adheres to diaphragm inferiorly and to the great vessels superiorly
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| How many layers is the serous pericardium formed from? | two
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| What is the serous pericardium? | -Parietal layer adheres to fibrous pericardium
-Visceral layer adheres to the heart
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| The pericardial cavity lies between _______ and _______ layers. | parietal; visceral
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| Epicardium is the same thing as what? | visceral pericardium
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| What are the layers of the heart? (in order outside to inside) | 1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Parietal layer of serous pericardium
3. Pericardial cavity
4. Parietal layer of serous pericardium
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| What does endocardium do? | lines the heart chambers and makes up the heart valves
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| What are the two internal divisions of the heart chambers? | 1. Atria and Ventricles
2. Interatrial and interventricular septa
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| Where are the atrias located of heart chambers? | atrias are superiorly located
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| Where are the ventricles located of heart chambers? | ventricles are inferiorly located
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| What are the interatrial and interventricular septa? | the walls between the atria and ventricles
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| Each heart valve is composed of what? | endocardium with connective tissue core
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| Where are the atrioventricular (AV) valves? | between atria and ventricles
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| What is the atrioventricular (AV) valve located between the Right Atrium (RA) and Right Ventricle (RV)? | Tricuspid
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| What is the atrioventricular (AV) valve located between the Left Atrium (LA) and Left Ventricle (LV) | Mitral (bicuspid)
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| Where are the aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar)? | at the junction of ventricles and great arteries
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| The heart valves ensure what? | one-way blood flow
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| Valves open and close in response to what? | differences in blood pressure on each side of the valves
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| What is the function of the Atrioventricular valves when the ventricles are RELAXED? | the valves are forced open by the blood pressure on their atrial side as blood fills atria
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| What is the function of the Atrioventricular valves when the ventricles are CONTRACTED? | they force the contained blood superiorly thus pushing the valves shut
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| What is function of Semilunar valves during ventricular CONTRACTION? | valves are pushed open against artery walls
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| What is function of Semilunar when valves are RELAXED? | backflow blood closes the valves
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| What is a heartbeat? | single sequence of atrial contraction followed by ventricular contraction
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| How many times does heart beat per minute | 70-80 times per minute
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| What is the contraction of the heart chamber called? | Systole
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| What is the expansion or time when a heart chamber is relaxing and filling with blood | Diastole
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| What are heart sounds made by? | turbulence of blood flow created by the closure of the valves
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| The sound of valves closing is called what? | "Lubb-dup"
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| What does the first sound of valves closing "lubb"mean? | The AV valves are closing
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| What does the second sound of valves closing "dup" mean? | the semilunar valves closing
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| What is called when you listen to the sounds of the body (with a stethoscope)? | Auscultation
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| What surrounds all four valves of the heart? | fibrous skeleton
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| Where does the fibrous skeleton extend into? | interventricular septum
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| What is the fibrous skeleton composed of? | dense connective tissue
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| What are the functions of the Fibrous skeleton of the heart? | 1. Point of attachment for cardiac muscle
2. Anchors valve cusps and prevents overdilation of valve openings
3. Blocks direct spread of electrical impulses between atria and ventricles
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| What controls heart rate and strength of contraction | ANS
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| What three things do the Parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve do (CNX)? | 1. slow the heart rate
2. decrease the force of the heartbeat
3. constrict coronary vessels
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| What three things do the Sympathetic fibers do? | 1. increase the heart rate
2. increase the force of the heartbeat
3. dilates coronary vessels
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