Appendix 1 Body Systems: Digestive System
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| an/o | anus
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| append/o | appendix
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| appendic/o | appendix
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| col/o | colon
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| hepat/o | liver
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| ile/o | ileum
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| or/o | mouth
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| rect/o | rectum
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| Cholelelithiasis | abnormal condition of gallstones
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| Cirrhosis | chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells
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| colonic polyosis | condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon
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| Diverticulosis | abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs in the wall of the intestine.
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| Diverticulitis | inflammation and infection of the diverticula
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| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | condition in which contents of the stomach flows back into the esophagus
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| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| Inflammatory bowel disease | inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum or inflammation of the colon
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| Irritable bowel syndrome | signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea
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| Hepatocellular carcinoma | cancer of the liver
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| jaundice | yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream
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| Abdominal computed tomography scan | series of cross-sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs
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| Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging | magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
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| Abdominal ultrasonography | process of beaming sound waves into the abdomen to produce images of organs
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| Barium tests | x-ray examination using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
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| cholangiography | x-ray examination of the bile ducts after injection of contrast material through the liver or through a catheter
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| gastrointestinal endoscopy | visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope
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| hemoccult test | feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guiac, which reacts with hidden blood
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| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity through an endoscope inserted in the abdomen
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| liver function tests | measurement of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood
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| stool culture | feces are places in a growth medium to test for microorganisms
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| virtual colonscopy | CT scans, MRI, and computers are used to produce two- and three- dimensional images of the colon
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| anastomosis | surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs
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| colostomy | surgical opening of the colon to the outside of the body
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| ileostomy | surgical opening of the ileum to the outside of the body
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| laparoscopic surgery | removal or organs or tissues via a laparoscope
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| ALT | alanine transaminase
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| AST | aspartate transaminase
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| BE | barium enema
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| ERCP | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| GB | gallbladder
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease
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| IBS | Inflammatory bowel syndrome
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| LFTs | liver function tests
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| TPN | total parenteral nutrition (intravenous solutions are given to maintain nutrition)
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