Blood Anatomy
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| blood is a specialized _________ ___________ | connective tissue
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| Functions of Blood | 1. Carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
2. Carries carbon dioxide and wastes from the tissues
3. Transports hormones to target cells and tissues
4. Maintains Homeostasis by coagulation and Thermoregulation
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| Blood contains ______ and _______ components | cellular and liquid
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| Blood Cells (Types) | 1. Erthrocytes
2. Leukocytes
3. Platelets
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| Blood Cell Derivatives of Erythrocytes | 1. red blood cells (RBCs)
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| Blood Cell Derivatives of Leukocytes | 1. white blood cells (WBCs)
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| Blood Cell Derivative of Platelets | 1. Thrombocytes
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| Plasma is | protein-rich liquid component of blood
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| Composition of Blood | 1. Plasma- 55%
2. Buffy coat- <1%
3. Erythrocytes- 45%
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| Buffy Coat of Blood is made up of ______ and ______ | leukocytes and platelets
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| Hematocrit is _____ | the percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of blood
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| Hematocrit in Males is ________% | 47%
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| Hematocrit in Females is ________% | 42%
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| Characteristics of Blood Plasma (3) | 1. Straw-colored, sticky fluid portion of blood
2. Consists of about 92% water
3. Contains ions, nutrients, wastes, and proteins
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| The three main proteins that exists in Blood plasma are what? | 1. Albumin
2. Globulins
3. Fibrinogen
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| Albumin is | 1. a protein in blood plasma
2. the most abundant
3. maintains blood osmotic pressure
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| Albumin helps hold | Albumin helps hold water in the blood vessels
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| Globulins are what? | 1. proteins in blood plasma
2. antibodies
3. nonimmune globulins
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| Nonimmune globulins are What? | proteins that transport lipids, iron and copper
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| Fibrinogen are what? | 1. protein in blood plasma
2. involved in blood clotting by transforming into fibrin
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| Erythrocytes are true cells or not true cells and its derivative is _________ | not true cells and red blood cells
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| Leukocytes are true cells or not true cells and its derivative is _______ | true cells and white blood cells
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| Platelets are true cells or not true cells and its derivative is | not true cells and thrombocytes
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| Study method of blood- making a blood smear | 1. slides are air dried
2. Cells are fixed and stained
a. Eosin (acidic)- pink
b. Methylene blue (basic)-
3. Cells are examined with microscope
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| The most numerous of the formed elements in blood is ________ | Erythrocytes- red blood cells
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| Shape of Erythrocytes is | 1. Biconcave which allows 30% more surface area
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| Erythrocytes have no | nuclei or organelles
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| The Erythrocytes cytoplasm is filled with | hemoglobin- 97% of solids
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| Red blood cells are confined to | blood circulatory system
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| There are no red blood cells where? | outside blood vessels
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| Red blood cells live for how long? | 100-120 days
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| What happens to old erythrocytes? | old erythrocytes are phagocytosed in the splin and liver by resident macrophages
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| White blood cells are _______ than ______ | far less numerous than erythrocytes
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| White blood cells protect the body from | infectious microorganisms
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| White blood cells function where? | outside the bloodstream in loose connective tissue
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| What is Diapedesis? | circulating leukocytes leave capillaries by squeezing through endothelium after BEING CHEMICALLY ATTRACTED TO SITES OF INFECTION
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| Five types of leukocytes divided in two groups based on what? | presence of cytoplasmic granules
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| Five types of leukocytes are divided into what two groups? | granulocytes and agranulocytes
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| What types leukocytes are in granulocyte category? | 1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
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| What types of leukocytes are in Agranulocyte category? | 1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
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| Acronym for memorizing types of leukocytes | Never Eat Bananas Like Monkeys
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| What are major hematopoietic organs during fetal development? | liver and spleen
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| What is site of active hematopoiesis after birth and throughout life as adult | Red bone marrow
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| What is bone marrow located? | in spongy bones
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| What type of bone marrow actively generates new blood cells? | Red Marrow
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| Yellow Marrow is ______ and filled with ______ | inactive, fat
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| What type of marrow can be re-activated in emergencies? | Yellow Marrow
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| All marrow is _____ at birth | red
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| Where does red marrow remain in adulthood? | axial skeleton, girdles, and proximal ends of long bones
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| Red bone marrow is made of ______ ______ tissue with 1._______, 2._______, 3._______ and 4._______. | -reticular connective tissue
1. fibroblasts
2. fat cells
3. blood cells (all types)
4. blood sinusoids-
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| What are blood sinusoids? | specialized wide capillaries
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| All blood cells originate in where? | Red Bone Marrow
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| All blood cells originate from what cell type? | blood stem cell (pluripotential stem cell), which is self-renewing
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| Disorders of Erythrocytes are what? | 1. Polycythemia
2. Anemias
3. Sickle Cell Disease
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| Disorders of Leukocytes are what? | 1. Leukemia
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| Disorders of Leukocytes are classified as what depending on what? | Lymphoblastic or Myeloblastic depending on which cell line is involved
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| Disorders of Platelets are what? | Thrombocypotenia
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| What is Polycythemia? | abnormal excess of erythrocytes in the blood; increases blood viscosity
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| What is Anemias? | decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood due to low erythrocyte levels or low hemoglobin concentrations
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| What is Sickle Cell Disease? | -inherited condition
-Erythrocytes distort into a sickle shape when patient is deyhdrated or oxygen content of blood is low
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| What causes sickle cell disease | results from a defective hemoglobin molecule
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| What is Leukemia? | -a form of cancer
-uncontrolled proliferation of leukocyte-forming cell line in bone marrow
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| What is Thrombocytopenia? | abnormally low concentration of platelets, leads to impairment in blood clotting ability
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