Medical Terminology Root Words
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| abdomin/o | abdomen
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| aden/o | gland
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| adenoid/o | adenoids
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| adren/o | adrenal glands
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| alveol/o | alveolus (air sac within the lung)
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| amni/o | amnion (sac surrounding embryo)
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| angi/o | vessel (blood)
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| append/o, appendic/o | appendix
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| arteri/o | artery
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| arteriol/o | small artery
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| arthr/o | joint
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| ather/o | fatty plaque
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| axill/o | armpit
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| balan/o | penis
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| bari/o | weight
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| bi/o | life
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| blephar/o | eyelid
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| bronch/o | bronchial tube
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| bronchiol/o | small bronchial tubes
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| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel bone)
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| capillar/o | capillary
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| carcin/o | cancer, cancerous
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| cardi/o | heart
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| carp/o | wrist bones (carpal)
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| cephal/o | head
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum (posterior part of the brain)
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
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| cervic/o | neck
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| chem/o | drug, chemical
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| chron/o | time
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| cis/o | to cut
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| clavicul/o | clavicle (collarbone)
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| coccyg/o | tailbone
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| col/o | colon (large intestine)
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| colon/o | colon (large intestine)
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| colp/o | vagina
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| comi/o | to care for
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| coni/o | dust
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| coron/o | heart
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| cost/o | rib
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| crani/o | skull
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| crin/o | secrete
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| cry/o | cold
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| cutane/o | skin
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| cyan/o | blue
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder
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| cyt/o | cell
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| dactly/o | fingers or toes
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| dent/i | tooth
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| dermat/o, derm/o | skin
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| dur/o | dura mater (outermost meningeal layer)
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| electr/o | electricity
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| encephal/o | brain
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| endocrin/o | endocrine glands
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| endometr/o, endometri/o | endometrium (inner lining of the uterus)
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| enter/o | intestines (small intestines)
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis
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| epitheli/o | skin (surface tissue)
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| erythr/o | red
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| esthesi/o | sensation
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| femor/o | femur, thigh bone
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| fibr/o | fibrous tissue
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| fibul/o | fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| gen/o | to produce
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| ger/o | old age
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| gnos/o | knowledge
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| gynec/o | woman, female
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| hemat/o, hem/o | blood
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| hepat/o | liver
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| humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone)
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| hydr/o | water
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| hypophys/o | pituitary gland
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| hyster/o | uterus
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| iatr/o | treatment
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| ile/o | ileum (third part of small intestine)
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| ili/o | ilium (upper part of hip bone)
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| inguin/o | groin
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| isch/o | to hold back
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| lapar/o | abdomen
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| laryng/o | larynx (voice box)
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| later/o | side
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| ligament/o | ligament
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| leiomy/o | smooth muscle
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| leuk/o | white
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| lip/o | fat
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| lith/o | stone
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| lumb/o | loin, waist region
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| lymph/o | lymph
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| lymphaden/o | lymph nodes
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| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel
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| lys/o | breakdown, destruction, separation
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| mamm/o | breast
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| mast/o | breast
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| mediastin/o | mediastinum
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| medull/o | medulla oblongata (lower part of the brain)
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| men/o | menstruation
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| mening/o | meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
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| metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones)
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| metatars/o | metatarsals (foot bones)
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| metr/o, metri/o | uterus; to measure
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| muscul/o | muscle
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| my/o | muscle
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| myel/o | bone marrow (with -blast, -cyte, -genous, -oma)
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| myel/o | spinal cord (with -cele, -gram, -itis)
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| myos/o | muscle
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| myring/o | eardrum
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| nas/o | nose
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| nat/i | birth
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| necr/o | dead
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| neur/o | nerve
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| norm/o | rule, order
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| nos/o | disease
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| obstetr/o | midwife
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| ocul/o | eye
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| odont/o | tooth
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| onc/o | tumor
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| onycho/o | nail
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| o/o | egg
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| oophor/o | ovary
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| opt/o, optic/o | eye
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| or/o | mouth
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| orch/o | testicle, testis
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| orchi/o | testicle, testis
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| orchid/o | testicle, testis
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| orth/o | striaght
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| osm/o | smell
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| oste/o | bone
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| ot/o | ear
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| ovari/o | ovary
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland
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| path/o | disease
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| ped/o | child
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| pelv/o | hip bone
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| peritone/o | peritoneum (membrane around abdominal organs)
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| perone/o | fibula
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| phak/o | lens of the eye
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| phalang/o | phalanges (finger and toe bones)
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| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat
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| phleb/o | vein
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| phren/o | diaphragm
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| phren/o | mind
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| pituitar/o | pituitary gland
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| plas/o | developmental, formation, growth
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| pleur/o | pleura (membrane around the lungs)
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| pneum/o | air, lung
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| pneumon/o | lung
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| poster/o | behind
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| prosth/o | artificial replacement
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| prostat/o | prostate gland
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| psych/o | mind
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis (central section of the kidney)
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| radi/o | x-ray; radius (lateral lower arm bone)
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| rect/o | rectum
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| ren/o | kidney
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| retin/o | retina of the eye
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| rhabdomy/o | striated (skeletal) muscle
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| rheumat/o | flow, fluid
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| rhin/o | nose
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| sacr/o | sacrum
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| salping/o | fallopian tube; eustachian tube
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| scapul/o | shoulder blade (bone)
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| scrot/o | scrotal sac, scrotom
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| sept/o | infection
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| septic/o | infection
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| son/o | sound
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| spin/o | backbone, spine, vertebrae
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| splen/o | spleen
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| spondyl/o | backbone, vertebrae
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| stern/o | sternum (breastbone)
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| tendin/o, ten/o | tendon
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| theli/o, thel/o | nipple
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| thorac/o | chest
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| thromb/o | clot
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| thym/o | thymus gland
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| thyr/o, thyroid/o, thyroaden/o | thyroid gland
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| tibi/o | tibia or shin bone (lower leg bone)
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
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| top/o | to put, place
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| trache/o | trachea, windpipe
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| troph/o | development, nourishment
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| tympan/o | eardrum
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| uln/o | ulna (medial lower arm bone)
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| ungu/o | nail
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| ur/o | urine, urinary tract
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| uter/o | uterus
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| vagin/o | vagina
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| vas/o | vas deferens, vessel
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| vascul/o | blood vessel
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| ven/o | vein
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| venul/o | venule
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| vertebr/o | backbone, vertebra
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| vesic/o | urinary bladder
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