Genitourinary
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| A disorder in which bacteria invade the renal pelvis and kidney tissue, commonly as a result of a bladder infection that has ascended to the kidney via the ureters | pyelonephritis
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| Any condition that causes the glomerular walls to become inflamed is referred to as ___________ | glomerulonephritis
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| Stones may form in any part of the urinary tract, but most arise in the kidney, a condition called ____________ | nephrolithiasis
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| Commonly associated with the aging process, as the prostate gland enlarges, it decreases the urethral lumen, and complete voiding of urine becomes difficult is known as __________ | benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
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| cyst/o | bladder
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| vesic/o | bladder
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus
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| lith/o | stone, calculus
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| meat/o | opening, meatus
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| ren/o | kidney
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ur/o | urine, urinary tract
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| andr/o | male
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| balan/o | glans penis
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| epididym/o | epididymis
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| orch/o | testis (plural, testes)
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| orchi/o | testis
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| orchid/o | testis
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| test/o | testis
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| perine/o | perineum (area between scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus)
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| prostat/o | prostate gland
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| spermat/o | spermatozoa, sperm cells
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| sperm/o | sperm cells
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| varic/o | dilated vein
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| vas/o | vessel; vas deferens; duct
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| vesicul/o | seminal vesicle
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| albumin/o | albumin, protein
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| azot/o | nitrogenous compounds
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| bacteri/o | bacteria (singular, bacterium)
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| crypt/o | hidden
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| gonad/o | gonads, sex glands
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| kali/o | potassium (an electrolyte)
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| keton/o | ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
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| noct/o | night
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| olig/o | scanty
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| py/o | pus
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| -cide | killing
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| -genesis | forming, producing, origin
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| -iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
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| -ism | condition
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| -spadias | slit, fissure
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| -uria | urine
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| dia- | through, across
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| retro- | backward, behind
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| Absence of urine production or urinary output | anuria
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| Retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatine, and uric acid) in the blood; also called uremia | azotemia
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| Renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake | chronic renal failure
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| Painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a 'burning sensation' while urinating | dysuria
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| Condition in which kidney function is permanently lost | end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
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| Involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence | enuresis
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| Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another | fistula
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| Voiding urine at frequent intervals | frequency
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| Involuntary delay in initiating urination | hesitancy
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| Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract | hydronephrosis
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| Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed | nocturia
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| Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys | polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
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| Feeling of the need to void immediately | urgency
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| Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children | Wilm's tumor
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| Congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia or anorchism | anorchidism
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| Failure to form or ejaculate semen | aspermia
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| Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis | balanitis
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| erectile dysfunction (ED) | Repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse
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| Acumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially the testes and associated structures | hydrocele
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| Stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted overt the glans penis | phimosis
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| Inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum | sterility
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| Swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic cord | varicocele
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| Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer | digital rectal examination (DRE)
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| Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra | electromyography (EMG)
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| Test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample | blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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| Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy | semen analysis
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| Radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium | cystography
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| Radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU) | intravenous pyelography (IVP)
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| Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system | kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
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| Radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized camera, which acts as a radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers | nuclear scan
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| Medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the pateint's bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes | dialysis
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| Method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient's body | hemodialysis
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| Removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution | peritoneal dialysis
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| Removal of all or part of the foreskin, or prepuce, of the penis | circumcision
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| Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney | nephropexy
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| Removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy | orchidectomy
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| Incision of a urethral stricture | urethrotomy
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| Excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens | vasectomy
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| Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane of one of its metabolic processes | antibiotics
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| Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder | antispasmodics
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| Promote and increase the excretion of urine | diuretics
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| Replace potassium due to depletion caused by diuretics | potassium supplements
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| Increase testosterone levels | androgens
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| Treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection | anit-impotence agents
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| AGN | acute glomerulonephritis
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| ARF | acute renal failure
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| ATN | acute tubular necrosis
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| BNO | bladder neck obstruction
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| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy
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| BUN | blood urea nitrogen
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| C&S | culture and sensitivity
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| Cath | catheterization; catheter
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| CT | computed tomography
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| cysto | cystoscopy
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| DRE | digital rectal examination
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| ED | erectile dysfunction, emergency department
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| EMG | electromyogram, electromyography
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| ESRD | end-stage renal disease
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| GU | genitourinary
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| HD | hemodialysis; hip disarticulation; hearing distance
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| HTN | hypertension
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| IVP | intravenous pyelography
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| K | potasssium (an electrolyte)
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder
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| Na | sodium
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| PKD | polycystic kidney disease
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| RP | retrograde pyelogram
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| sp.gr. | specific gravity
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| TSE | testicular self-examination
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| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| UA | urinalysis
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| pH | symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
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